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W
Word
Category
Short description
Description
WADDED CLOTH fabrics Fabric made with heavy extra warp or weft yarns, Fabric made with heavy extra warp or weft yarns, arranged to lie between the face and back of the cloth to add weight and bulk or pad the fabric
WAFFLE WEAVE fabrics Square or oblong-shaped box formation Square or oblong-shaped box formations appear on both the face and back of the fabric, by allowing both warp and weft yarns to float at fixed intervals.
WALE fabrics In knitted fabrics, an intermeshed row of loops along the length of a weft knitted fabric In knitted fabrics, an intermeshed row of loops along the length of a weft knitted fabric. A column of loops in successive courses that is parallel with the loop axes. In machine knitting it is the product of one needle.
WALE SHAPING processes, operations Two and three dimensional shaping of knitted fabric Two and three dimensional shaping of knitted fabric achieved by the movement of wales, which are both terminated and introduced to a pre-determined plan.
WALL fibers, filaments, yarns In cotton fibre, the solid portion of the cotton fibre, In cotton fibre, the solid portion of the cotton fibre, divided into two parts; a thin skin on the surface of the fibre, called 'primary wall' and the main part of the solid part of the fibre composed of layers of cellulose, called 'secondary wall'
WARP fabrics The longitudinal yarns in a woven fabric. The longitudinal yarns in a woven fabric. Yarn intended for use or used in the warp of a woven fabric.
WARP KNITTING processes, operations Making fabric by a method in which the loops made from each warp thread are formed mainly along the length of the fabric A number of threads arranged in longitudinal and horizontal direction are bound together by formation of stitches. Making fabric by a method in which the loops made from each warp thread are formed mainly along the length of the fabric. Manufactured on Tricot and Raschel knitting machines. See also under Knitting.
WARP PRINT processes, operations Warp yarns are printed with the design before weaving. Warp yarns are printed with the design before weaving. Weft yarns are either white or neutral colour, so that a greyed effect is produced.
WARP SHED apparatus, equipage, tools The opening through which weft is inserted in a loom. The opening through which weft is inserted in a loom.
WARP SHEET fibers, filaments, yarns A multitude of warp yarns parallel to each other. A multitude of warp yarns parallel to each other.
WARP YARN fibers, filaments, yarns Yarn intended for use or used in warp of a woven fabric Yarn intended for use or used in warp of a woven fabric
WARP- SATEEN fabrics A warp-faced sateen, made with a considerably greater number of ends than picks per inch. A warp-faced sateen, made with a considerably greater number of ends than picks per inch. Generally stronger than filling sateen. Used mainly as base cloth for coated fabrics, pillow and mattress ticking and comforter covering.
WARP-FACED FABRICS fabrics Fabrics with more ends on the face than picks Fabrics with more ends on the face than picks, the face formed by the warp yarns.
WARPING processes, operations The production of a sheet of parallel yarn The production of a sheet of parallel yarn in substantial long lengths and evenly spaced, by winding of warp yarns from packages onto a warp beam
WASH processes, operations Any cleansing operation done in water or water containing detergents, alkalis or builders Any cleansing operation done in water or water containing detergents, alkalis or builders. A typical wash cycle consists of soaking, washing, spin drying, and rinsing. In latest automatic washing machines, load capacity, bath temperature and cycle timings, etc. are electronically controlled.
WASH GOODS general Launderable textile fabrics, manufactured textile items or garments Launderable textile fabrics, manufactured textile items or garments
WASH-AND-WEAR garments, made-ups, assemblies A generic term applied to garments which satisfactorily retain their original neat appearance A generic term applied to garments which satisfactorily retain their original neat appearance after repeated wear and suitable home laundering with little or no pressing or ironing.
WASHABLE fabrics, garments, made-ups, assemblies Fabrics or garments which may be washed without damage to color or shrinkage. Fabrics or garments which may be washed without damage to color or shrinkage. Generally need qualification on the basis of laboratory tests as to the type of washing the material will withstand: hand, home machine, laundering, as well as temperature.
WASHING processes, operations Treatment designed to clean textile articles in an aqueous bath. Treatment designed to clean textile articles in an aqueous bath. Washing includes all or some of the following operations in relevant combinations: Soaking, pre-washing and proper washing (carried out usually with heating, mechanical action and in the presence of detergents or other products) and rinsing. Water extraction, i.e. spinning or wringing performed during and/or at the end of the operations mentioned above. These operations may be carried out by machine or hand
WASHING-OFF processes, operations Treatment of textile material in water or detergent solution Treatment of textile material in water or detergent solution to remove substances employed in previous process
WASTE FACTOR general In garment manufacturing, the amount of material left when garment portions are cut In garment manufacturing, the amount of material left when garment portions are cut from piece goods, knitted blanks or shaped garment portions. The waste isexpressed as a percentage of the weight of the original fabric.
WASTE SILK fibers, filaments, yarns The short, unreeled filaments that are left after the long cocoon filaments have been removed. The short, unreeled filaments that are left after the long cocoon filaments have been removed. These short noils are carded, sometimes combed also and used for manufacturing of spun silk yarn.
WATER HARDNESS general Hardness of water is expressed in 'degrees' indicating number of parts of calcium or magnesium salts in terms of calcium carbonate present in 100,000 parts of water In ordinary water, salts of calcium and magnesium are commonly present in three forms, viz. (i) bicarbonates, (ii) sulphates, and (iii) chlorides. Bicarbonates produce 'temporary hardness', whereas sulphates and chlorides produce 'permanent hardness'. Hardness of water is expressed in 'degrees' indicating number of parts of calcium or magnesium salts in terms of calcium carbonate present in 100,000 parts of water
WATER RETENTION fibers, filaments, yarns The moisture remaining in and on a fibre The moisture remaining in and on a fibre, after specified mechanical treatments.
WATER SOFTENER ³ A chemical added to hardwater to bring down its hardness A chemical added to hardwater to bring down its hardness, i.e. to make the water soft. In most of the textile wet-processings, water hardness impairs the quality and efficiency of the process.
WATER SPOTTING processes, operations An unattractive physical change produced on some surfaces by a drop of water An unattractive physical change produced on some surfaces by a drop of water.
WATER-PROOFING fabrics Weaterproofed fabrics shed water under all pressures. Fabrics for raincoats, table covers, etc. are treated with non-ventile finishes like rubber, oils, oil mixtures, lacquer compounds or synthetic resins. Weaterproofed fabrics shed water under all pressures.
WATER-REPELLENT fabrics A textile material, which has the ability to resist surface wetting. A textile material, which has the ability to resist surface wetting. Water repellency is established by the natural properties of the fibre and yarn, and by chemical treatment of the fabric so that it repels water.
WATER-RESISTANT fabrics A fabric which has the ability to resist wetting and penetration of water. A fabric which has the ability to resist wetting and penetration of water. A fabric may be water resistant due to its construction, due to fibres or yarns repelling water or due to a finishing treatment.
WATT SILK fibers, filaments, yarns A waste silk produced in the cultivation of the silkworm. A waste silk produced in the cultivation of the silkworm. It is very irregular, and is therefore one of the poorest grades, being virtually a silk refuse
WAVE TWILL fabrics A twill weave with a wave or zigzag design A twill weave with a wave or zigzag design produced by changing the direction of the twill at intervals. The term is also applied to the fabric
WEAR- RESISTANCE fabrics The ability of a fabric to resist deterioration The ability of a fabric to resist deterioration due to normal or excessive wear.
WEATHER CLOTH fabrics A fabric that will withstand all types of inclement weather A fabric that will withstand all types of inclement weather. Items such as tarpaulin and canvas come under this category.
WEATHER RESISTANCE general Ability of a material to resist degradation of its properties Ability of a material to resist degradation of its properties when exposed to climatic conditions.
WEAVE fabrics The process of forming a fabric on a loom by interlacing the warp and weft threads with each other. The process of forming a fabric on a loom by interlacing the warp and weft threads with each other. The weaves vary, depending on the interlacing pattern, used in a woven fabric. The fundamental weaves are Plain weave, Twill weave, and Satin weave. All other weaves, no matter how intricate, use one of these basic weaves in their composition. There are many variations on the basic principle, which make possible many different types of fabric surfaces and fabric strengths. See also Design.
WEAVE ANALYSIS processes, operations The physical analysis of a fabric to determine its construction. The physical analysis of a fabric to determine its construction. Method is usually with pick glass and pick needle
WEAVE EFFECT fabrics The distinctive effect developed in a fabric by the weave The distinctive effect developed in a fabric by the weave, e.g. twill weave effect, honeycomb weave effect, etc.
WEAVE PATTERN general Also called Point paper design and Draft Also called Point paper design and Draft. A plan (usually drawn on graph paper) used as a guide in weaving operations that employ harnesses.
WEAVE REPEAT fabrics The smallest number of ends and picks The smallest number of ends and picks on which a weave-interlacing pattern can be represented.
WEAVING processes, operations Process of making cloth by interlacing yarns at right angles Process of making cloth by interlacing yarns at right angles according to a prescribed pattern.
WEFT fibers, filaments, yarns Another name for Filling. A yarn intended for use in the filling of a woven fabric. Another name for Filling. A yarn intended for use in the filling of a woven fabric. A yarn which is interlaced with warp threads to make a fabric. Yarn running from selvedge to selvedge at right angles to the warp in a woven fabric. The widthways threads in a woven fabric
WEFT-FACED TWILL fabrics A weave characterised by diagonal lines produced by a series of floats A weave characterised by diagonal lines produced by a series of floats staggered in the warp direction. Floats are normally formed by the wefts.
WEFTLESS FABRIC fabrics a sheet of parallel cords surrounded by uncured rubber compound. As used in tyre building, a sheet of parallel cords surrounded by uncured rubber compound.
WEIGHT OF FABRIC fabrics The weight of fabric may be expressed in length per unit weight The weight of fabric may be expressed in length per unit weight, or weight per unit length.
WEIGHTING processes, operations The finishing application of certain salts to a fabric (mostly silk) The finishing application of certain salts to a fabric (mostly silk), in order to increase its weight, give more body, and also stiffen it for a firmer drape and freedom from slippage of yarns.
WET CLEANING processes, operations The aqueous process for cleaning of heavily soiled fabrics with soap. The aqueous process for cleaning of heavily soiled fabrics with soap.
WET DOUBLING processes, operations The combination by twisting together of two or more single yarns The combination by twisting together of two or more single yarns which have been wetted out by immersion in water or water with suitable additives or alternativelydamped by contact with a transfer medium for similar fluids, before the folding twist is inserted to form a plied yarn.
WET FINISHING fabrics The application of aqueous or other liquid treatments in one or more steps to impart different finishes to yarn or fabric. The application of aqueous or other liquid treatments in one or more steps to impart different finishes to yarn or fabric. Some of the more important processes are: beetling, bleaching, calendering, chasing, decating, dyeing, embossing, fulling, gassing, lubricating, mercerization, milling, printing, shrinking, sizing, softening, sponging, stentering, washing, waterproofing, etc. See also Fabric finish
WET PICK-UP general The amount of liquid and material carried by the liquid, applied to a textile. The amount of liquid and material carried by the liquid, applied to a textile. Wet pick-up is usually determined as a percentage of either the dry or conditioned weight of the textile prior to processing.
WET PROCESSING. processes, operations A collective term for processes included in preparation, dyeing, printing, and finishing A collective term for processes included in preparation, dyeing, printing, and finishing in which the textile material, is treated with a liquid, normally water, or with chemicals in solution or dispersion in a liquid.
WET SOILING processes, operations The application of soil from a liquid medium. The application of soil from a liquid medium.
WET STRENGTH general The strength of a textile material evaluated, when the material is in a thoroughly wet state The strength of a textile material evaluated, when the material is in a thoroughly wet state
WET TWISTING processes, operations This is contrasted with the standard 'dry twisting' This is contrasted with the standard 'dry twisting', cotton yarns are passed beneath a roller submerged in a water trough before actually being twisted together. The protruding fibres are laid down by the water, thus producing smoother yarn.
WHIPCORD fabrics Also called Artillery twill. A firm, compact, twill weave fabric using bulky yarns to give a raised look to the twill ribs. Also called Artillery twill. A firm, compact, twill weave fabric using bulky yarns to give a raised look to the twill ribs. The prominent, indented, steep twill is produced by having the warp closely set and the weft more open, and a special weave in which the twill interlacings are 'stepped-up' two weft yarns to give a steeper twill line. See diagram for effect produced.
WHITE-BACK DENIM fabrics Another name for standard denim Another name for standard denim, made with indigo blue dyed warp and gray yarn filling.
WHITENESS general Whiteness is the attribute Whiteness is the attribute by which an object colour is judged to approach a preferred white
WHITNEY fabrics Overcoating cloth made in wool. Overcoating cloth made in wool. Soft and thick with a face-finish on the right side that produces a wavy line effect. If made from good quality woollen yarn, it is an excellent and hard-wearing cloth.
WICKING fibers, filaments, yarns Term used to describe how moisture can run along a fibre which in itself may be totally non-absorbent. Term used to describe how moisture can run along a fibre which in itself may be totally non-absorbent. This helps with evaporation of moisture into the atmosphere. Although moisture may sometimes appear to be absorbed by the fabric, it is only held within a spun, crimped or textured fibre combination, resting on the surface of the fibres. If moisture is not absorbed the fabric dries more quickly, i.e. the moisture is wicked along the fibres either to become evaporated or to be absorbed by outer layers of clothing.
WIDENING processes, operations In knitting. A term used to describe the movement of loops outwards at the selvedge of a piece of fabric. In knitting. A term used to describe the movement of loops outwards at the selvedge of a piece of fabric. The result of such movement is an increase in the number of loops in the succeeding course (usually by one loop), thus widening the fabric. The term is used both to describe the action itself and the site of it.
WIDTH fabrics A transverse measurement of a material, i.e. from side to side, or at right angles to the length. A transverse measurement of a material, i.e. from side to side, or at right angles to the length. In woven fabrics, width is the distance from selvedge to selvedge, in flat knit fabric, width is measured from edge to edge, in ribbons, width is expressed by the number of the line, or ligne, and in the woollens and worsteds width is expressed in quarters, one-quarter measuring nine inches.
WIGAN fabrics Dull-finish, plain-weave cotton cloth, usually in dark colours but resembling sheeting. Dull-finish, plain-weave cotton cloth, usually in dark colours but resembling sheeting. Main use is as a backing or interfacing in men's jackets, and coats.
WIGAN FINISH processes, operations A firm, starched, plain-calendered finish without lustre A firm, starched, plain-calendered finish without lustre, applied to light weight sheetings and print fabrics
WILD SILK fibers, filaments, yarns, fabrics Fibres extruded by insect larvae other than Bombyx mori. Fibres extruded by insect larvae other than Bombyx mori. Wild silk is produced by the undomesticated varieties of silkworm. These wild silkworm lives outside on the leaves of certain oak-like trees in China, India and Japan. The best known variety is Tussah silk, which has a honey colour, is stronger than cultivated silk, and is less readily attacked by acid and alkali. It is easily recognised under the microscope by its uneven width, fine lines along the length, cross markings at intervals, and patches of silk gum. It also appears to be flatter.
WINCH apparatus, equipage, tools A machine designed for solution treatment (washing, scouring, dyeing, etc.) of piece goods while in the form of rope or endless lengths. A machine designed for solution treatment (washing, scouring, dyeing, etc.) of piece goods while in the form of rope or endless lengths. It consists of an open vat for the solution and circular or elliptical rollers which move the fabric along. Most of the fabric is in the bath in a slack or tensionless state.
WIND MULTIPLE processes, operations The winding of two or more ends onto a tube or cone in parallel form The winding of two or more ends onto a tube or cone in parallel form so that the ends form a compact, flat ribbon.
WINDBREAKER CLOTH fabrics A group of closely woven fabrics used for sports jackets A group of closely woven fabrics used for sports jackets designed to prevent passage of air with a minimum of porosity.
WOOD FABRIC fabrics A plain weave fabric made with warp of hard-spun cotton or raw silk A plain weave fabric made with warp of hard-spun cotton or raw silk and weft of several fine wood shavings in fibrous form in one shed altered with one or more cotton yarns in the next shed. Was used for hat frames, hat linings and embroidery canvas.
WOOD PULP YARNS fibers, filaments, yarns
Yarns made almost entirely of paper made of wood pulp. The yarns are made from long narrow strips of thin, moistened paper, which are loosely or tightly spunor twisted. Hardening or softening solutions can be used. Another method starts with a moist web of pulp as it comes from the press rolls of the paper machine. It is divided by various methods, into strips or ribbons and twisted and rolled into yarns. Used for flat-weave carpets, summer floor coverings, etc.
WOOL fibers, filaments, yarns
The fibrous covering of the sheep. Wool is the second mostly used natural clothing fibre. The fibre is from the fleece of the sheep or lamb, or hair from the Angora goat or Cashmere goat, (and may include the so-called speciality fibres from the hair of the camel, alpaca, llama, and vicuna), which has never been reclaimed from any woven or felted wool product.
The yarn is spun from fibres, which are variable in length and randomly oriented to one another. They are intermingled and produce a bulky yarn with a fuzzy surface. Fabrics made from wool are warm and easy to manipulate, but good pressing is essential. Wool is popular not only for its quality of warmth. Because of its breathing properties, wool allows perspiration to dry on the skin, which, in turn, triggers the body's cooling effect. This also prevents perspiration from being absorbed into the fabric as happens with other fibres that have a rapid absorption rate. Very fine wool fibres weighing only 120-300 g per metre are now used for poplin, gabardine and panama.
WOOL DYED fibers, filaments, yarns, fabrics Wool yarn or fabric made from wool Wool yarn or fabric made from wool, which has been stock dyed before being spun into yarn. 'stock dyed' is the preferred term.
WOOL OIL ³ A lubricant applied to wool or hair fibres A lubricant applied to wool or hair fibres to facilitate subsequent processing
WOOLLEN fibers, filaments, yarns, fabrics, Description of yarns, fabrics or garments made of yarns of carded wool, more loosely twisted than 'worsted' yarns. Description of yarns, fabrics or garments made of yarns of carded wool, more loosely twisted than 'worsted' yarns. Woollens, usually have a fuzzy surface as contrasted with a smooth surface of most worsteds.
WOOLLEN COUNT fibers, filaments, yarns Traditional counts depend upon the spinning system used Traditional counts depend upon the spinning system used because a different hank length is employed in each case, e.g. 1/24s woollen count means that, 24 hanks each 256 yd long weigh 1 lb
WOOLLEN FINISH processes, operations A napping treatment given to some cotton fabrics A napping treatment given to some cotton fabrics to make them appear like woollens, e.g. Flannelette, Cahallis, Blanket cloth, Canton flannel, Domete flannel.
WORMING processes, operations A nautical term for filling up the divisions between the lay (strands) A nautical term for filling up the divisions between the lay (strands) of a rope by passing a spun yarn along in it in order to obtain a smooth surface.
WORSTED fibers, filaments, yarns, fabrics Yarn. Worsted yarn is spun from long staple, wool fibres 1. Yarn. Worsted yarn is spun from long staple, wool fibres, which have been carded, and either gilled or combed, or both. Worsted yarn is smooth surfaced and blends very well with other fibres. 2. Fabric. Worsted fabric is manufactured wholly from worsted yarns, except that decoration threads of other fibres may be present. Worsted clothes are usually very closely woven, smooth to touch, light, springy, durable. It holds creases well and do not stain easily.
woollen materials.
WORSTED SYSTEM processes, operations Spinning of worsted yarns from medium or longer wools, alpaca and mohair. Spinning of worsted yarns from medium or longer wools, alpaca and mohair. Generally the processes employed are carding, combing, drawing and spinning. The short fibres or noils are removed in combing and the resultant yarn is rather compact with the fibres placed parallel. The process is quite different from the Woollen system.
WORSTED-TYPE FABRIC fabrics A fabric manufactured wholly from worsted-type (worsted-spun) yarns A fabric manufactured wholly from worsted-type (worsted-spun) yarns, or from cotton warp and worsted-type (worsted-spun) weft, and which may or may not contain decoration threads or other fibres.
WOVEN fabrics Double thread system, lengthwise (warp) and crosswise (weft) Double thread system, lengthwise (warp) and crosswise (weft), the two crossing one another at right angles, and kept together by means of interlacing (binding). Manufactured on conventional automatic looms, projectile looms, gripper looms and jet looms.
WOVEN FABRIC fabrics A structure produced when at least two sets of strands are interlaced, usually at right angles to each other A structure produced when at least two sets of strands are interlaced, usually at right angles to each other, according to a predetermined pattern of interlacing, and such that at least one set is parallel to the axis along the lengthwise direction of the fabric.
In their simple form these consist of two series of threads, 'Warp' and 'weft', interlaced at right angles to each other. The warp threads run the length of the fabric and the weft threads run across the width. Plain weave is the simplest form of interlacing. The warp and weft interlace with each other in a similar manner. If the threads are closely spaced, this form of interlacing gives a very tight structure because the alternate interlacings give no room for sideways movement of threads. The draping properties of such a structure would depend entirely on the flexibility of the fibres and yarns. Woven structures vary in density and in interlacing, and this make them differ in appearance and handle, but in their simple forms they represent a very stable material.
WOVEN STRETCH FABRIC fabrics A woven fabric which is capable of at least 20 % stretch in either warp or weft direction A woven fabric which is capable of at least 20 % stretch in either warp or weft direction, or both, under loads and conditions encountered in use, and of almost complete recovery on removal of the load.
WRAPPER FIBRES fibers, filaments, yarns Also called Belly bands Also called Belly bands. Fibres which wrap around the main body of a staple fibre yarn during yarn formation in the production of Open-end spinning and Fasciated yarn.
WRINKLE defects Fabric defect. Fabric defect. An objectionable crease, generally short and irregular in shape, developed unintentionally.
WRINKLE RECOVERY fabrics Also called Crease recovery. That property of a fabric, which by its own resilience enables it to recover from folding deformations. Also called Crease recovery. That property of a fabric, which by its own resilience enables it to recover from folding deformations. Wool fabrics have the greatest natural resilience. Thermoplastic, synthetic fibres and chemically treated cotton and synthetic also exhibit considerable wrinkle recovery.
WRINKLE RESISTANCE fabrics That property and capacity of a textile material, which enables it to resist the formation of wrinkles That property and capacity of a textile material, which enables it to resist the formation of wrinkles when subjected to a folding deformation and/or recover from creasing. Molecular cross-linking is one of the processes employed to improve crease resistance. Crease resistance is a term commonly used in place of the preferred term 'wrinkle resistance'.

 

Last updated: October 2005 by CBEYOND.
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