| ULTIMATE
FIBRES |
fibers,
filaments, yarns |
The
most minute units of matter that can be separated from
an organic structure |
The
most minute units of matter that can be separated from
an organic structure without ruining the structure. |
| ULTRAVIOLET
RADIATION |
general |
Radiant
energy |
Radiant
energy for which the wavelengths of the monochromatic
components are smaller than those for visible radiation
and more than about 100 mm |
| UMBRELLA
FABRICS |
fabrics |
A wide
range of closely woven fabrics with tape selvedge, used
for covering umbrellas |
A wide
range of closely woven fabrics with tape selvedge, used
for covering umbrellas. Silk, cotton, man-made fibres
and combinations of these are mainly used. The material
is generally given a water-repellent finish. A very popular
type is Gloria. Plastic film and coated fabric are also
used. In silk and man-made fibre fabrics, taffeta is the
most important, although novelty weaves and satin effects
are often employed. The tape selvedge is generally made
with a novelty weave, rib or satin stripe. |
| UNBALANCED
YARNS |
fibers,
filaments, yarns |
Yarns
in which there is sufficient twist to set up a torque
effect |
Yarns
in which there is sufficient twist to set up a torque
effect, so that the yarn will untwist and re-twist in
the opposite direction. |
| UNBLEACHED |
fabrics |
In
the grey, or loom state |
In
the grey, or loom state |
| UNDERLAP |
processes,
operations, fabrics |
lateral
movements of the guide bar |
1.
In warp-knitting, lateral movements of the guide bar made
on the side of the needle remote from the hook or beard;
the amount of this movement is limited only by mechanical
considerations. See also Lapping movement.
2. In a warp-knitted fabric, the connection between stitches
in consecutive courses. |
| UNDERLAY |
accessories |
A cushion
or padding material used under rugs or carpets |
A cushion
or padding material used under rugs or carpets to give
greater resiliency and longer service. |
| UNDERPICK
LOOM |
apparatus,
equipage, tools |
A loom
in which the picking stick is vertical |
A loom
in which the picking stick is vertical and under the level
of the shuttle box. |
| UNDRESSED
FINISH |
fabrics |
A napped
surface on woollen or worsted fabrics |
A napped
surface on woollen or worsted fabrics that is so thick
it shows the weave only in some places. Semi-finished
goods have about half as much nap as undressed-finish
fabrics and therefore the former fabrics show shine quicker
than do the latter. |
| UNDYED |
fibers,
filaments, yarns, fabrics |
In
the natural colour state; yarn and fabric. |
In
the natural colour state; yarn and fabric. |
| UNEVEN
SHRINKAGE |
defects |
Fabric
defect. |
Fabric
defect. A bowed, ballooned or wavy, warpwise condition
in the cloth, which prevents it from lying flat on a horizontal
surface. Usually caused by some error during the finishing
of the goods. |
| UNEVENNESS |
general |
variation
in the linear density of a continuous strand |
In
textiles, variation in the linear density of a continuous
strand of a strand. |
| UNFINISHED |
fabrics |
Fabric
in the loom state |
Fabric
in the loom state |
| UNGUMMED
SILK |
fibers,
filaments, yarns |
A silk
from which the sericin or gum has been removed |
A silk
from which the sericin or gum has been removed |
| UNICOLOURRED |
general |
Material
dyed in one colour. |
Material
dyed in one colour. |
| UNION
COLOUR |
fabrics |
A colour
of a blended fabric |
A colour
of a blended fabric in which two or more classes of fibres
with different dyeing properties are dyed (coloured to
the same shade) |
| UNION
DYEING |
processes,
operations |
A process
of dyeing textiles |
A process
of dyeing textiles containing fibres having different
dye affinities to achieve the appearance of a uniform,
homogenous color. See also Cross-dyeing |
| UNION
FABRIC |
fabrics |
A fabric
made of the union of two fibres |
The
term can mean two things. 1. A fabric made of the union
of two fibres
e.g. cotton and worsted.
2. A striped fabric made of two fibres and then dyed;
the fibres taking the dye differently and hence producing
a colored stripe. |
| UNION
YARN |
fibers,
filaments, yarns |
A yarn
made by twisting together yarns of different fibres. |
A yarn
made by twisting together yarns of different fibres. |
| UNLEVELNESS |
defects |
the
nonuniform distribution of a dye or chemical |
In
dyeing and finishing, the nonuniform distribution of a
dye or chemical in or on a substrate. (Compare Levelling
and Shading.) |
| UNROVING |
processes,
operations |
The
pulling out of a row of knitting or seam stitching |
The
pulling out of a row of knitting or seam stitching by
disconnecting the constituent loops in a chain reaction.
All weft knitted constructions will unrove from the end
last knitted and all chain stitch seams will unrove from
the end last formed. |
| UNWEAVING |
processes,
operations |
The
act of removing weft threads to correct weaving faults |
The
act of removing weft threads to correct weaving faults
(picking-out) and subsequent resetting of the fell to
correct position (pulling-back) before the weaving machine
is restarted. The terms 'pulling-back' and 'picking-out'
may also be used to describe the whole operation. |
| UPLAND
COTTON |
fibers,
filaments, yarns |
A type
of cotton, 'gossypium hirsutum', |
A type
of cotton, 'gossypium hirsutum', which forms the bulk
of the world's cotton crop. It varies in staple length
from about 22 mm to about 32 mm. One of the three main
types of cotton grown in the U.S., the other two being
Sea Island cotton and American-Egyptian cotton. |
| UPTWISTING |
processes,
operations |
A
system of twisting one or more yarns |
A
system of twisting one or more yarns by withdrawing them
over-end from a rotating package. If more than one yarn
is to be twisted, the yarns are first assembly-wound on
to a single uptwister supply package.
Uptwisting forms the second stage in two-stage twisting. |
| URENA |
fibers,
filaments, yarns |
A
bast fibre similar to jute, from the plant 'urena lobata'. |
A
bast fibre similar to jute, from the plant 'urena lobata'. |
