| T-CLOTH |
I |
A coarse, plain
weave cotton cloth made with approximately the same number
of ends and picks per square inch and heavily sized. |
A coarse, plain
weave cotton cloth made with approximately the same number
of ends and picks per square inch and heavily sized. Originally
produced in Great Britain and exported in the loom state
to the Orient and other markets. The name was derived
from the mark 'T' of the original ex-porters. |
| T-SHIRT |
z |
A simple style
of short sleeve shirt, made from cut and sewn knitted
fabric. |
A simple style
of short sleeve shirt, made from cut and sewn knitted
fabric. |
| T.O.T. |
v |
See Twist on twist. |
See Twist on twist. |
| T.P.I. |
v |
See Turns per inch |
See Turns per inch |
| TAB |
fabrics |
The starting point
of a weave |
The starting point
of a weave; the term derived from Tabby when used in relation
to plain weave. |
| TABARET |
I |
A finely woven,
yarn-dyed furnishing fabric |
A finely woven,
yarn-dyed furnishing fabric that has alternate warp stripes
of satin and plain weave. Also called Tabourette. |
| TABBY |
I ¡ |
See Plain weave. |
1. See Plain weave.
2. A rich silk velvet.
3. A watered effect produced on by passing the material
between engraved rollers. |
| TABER |
F |
A machine for testing
the abrasion resistance of fabrics. |
A machine for testing
the abrasion resistance of fabrics. |
| TABLE COVERINGS |
z |
Fabrics of cotton,
linen, rayon, synthetics and blends are used to cover
tables. |
Fabrics of cotton,
linen, rayon, synthetics and blends are used to cover
tables. Crash, damask, organdy, checked gingham, dobbies,
etc. are some of the main fabric types used. |
| TABLE FELT |
z |
See Table padding. |
See Table padding. |
| TABLE LINEN |
garments, made-ups,
assemblies |
Any cloth, regardless
of fibre content |
Any cloth, regardless
of fibre content, that is suitable for a table covering. |
| TABLE PADDING |
z |
Also called 'table
felt'. A soft cotton fabric napped on both sides or quilted. |
Also called 'table
felt'. A soft cotton fabric napped on both sides or quilted.
Used as 'silence cloth'. |
| TABLET WEAVING |
I |
A method of making
woven plain or patterned narrow fabrics. |
A method of making
woven plain or patterned narrow fabrics. The warp shed
is controlled by tablets made of thin, stiff material,
e.g. cardboard, plastic, bone, etc. Tablets are usually
about 5 cm to 10 cm square, although other shapes, e.g.
triangles, hexagons, etc., are also used. Each tablet
has a hole at each corner through the warp yarns are threaded.
Rotating the tablets controls the rise and fall of the
warp yarns |
| TABOURETTE |
I |
See Tabaret |
See Tabaret |
| TABS |
fabrics |
The ends of a fabric
less than one yard length |
The ends of a fabric
less than one yard length |
| TACK |
v |
to adhere at the
area of contact. |
Rubber or rubber
compounds have the property, that causes two layers of
these materials, when pressed together, to adhere at the
area of contact. |
| TACKING |
; ¡ |
STITCH. Machine
or hand stitching, sometimes decorative to reinforce parts
of a garment. See Bar Tack. |
1. STITCH. Machine
or hand stitching, sometimes decorative to reinforce parts
of a garment. See Bar Tack.
It is to be noted that in some sections of the industry,
this term is used to mean the same as Basting.
2. IN PROCESSING. Sewing together of the two selvedges
of a fabric that has been folded length-wise, with the
face side in. This is done to encourage ballooning, and
thereby reduce rope mark-ing during wet processing and
also to protect the face of the fabric in other finishing
operations. It helps to prevent wrinkles, and selvedge
curling. Sometimes also called Bagging. |
| TACKING CUT |
I |
Fabric defect. |
Fabric defect.
Small holes or cuts along the selvedge of the cloth, caused
by holes remaining after fabric has been tacked (sewn)
along edges to protect face of cloth during wet finishing. |
| TACKSPUN FABRIC |
fabrics |
A material made
from a polymer film with backing substrate. |
A material made
from a polymer film with backing substrate. The film is
melted by a roller, to which it adheres. As the film and
roller separate a fibrous pile is formed. |
| TACTEL |
v |
A new type of filament
nylon yarn. |
A new type of filament
nylon yarn. It is particularly suitable for making woven
and knitted fabrics for sportswear. |
| TADPOLE ÉPONGE |
I |
An éponge
made with several plain ends alternating with a loop yarn
in the warp and plain weft |
An éponge
made with several plain ends alternating with a loop yarn
in the warp and plain weft. The loops are scattered over
the face. |
| TAFFETA |
fabrics |
Taffeta is used
as a dress blouse fabric or as a lining and in certain
types of lingerie. |
Originally taffeta
was a smooth, fine, close, plain-weave, fabric made from
even yarns of shiny filament, usually silk of light or
medium weight. The fabric had a sheen and the stiff handle
produced a rustling noise when worn as a garment. It was
a fairly square fabric so that an even surface was presented.
However, increasing quantities of taffeta are now made
which are not square and they have, more closely set warp
yarns than weft yarns and this produces a faint rib effect
across the fabric. Though originally a silk fabric, now
more likely to be composed of acetate, triacetate, nylon
or blends of these. A stiff finish is usually given to
the fabric to produce the authentic rustle. It is characteristically
crisp with a faint weft-way rib and is usually plain coloured
but can be printed. It is not hard-wearing, so its use
is confined to evening wear, stiff petticoats, lampshades
and drapes, and small items such as cummerbunds, artificial
flowers, evening bags, stage costumes and linings. Taffeta
is used as a dress blouse fabric or as a lining and in
certain types of lingerie. |
| TAFFETA GLACÉ |
I |
A changeable taffeta
with a high lustre made with a different colour in warp
and weft. |
A changeable taffeta
with a high lustre made with a different colour in warp
and weft. |
| TAFFETA METALLIQUE |
I |
A taffeta with
a metallic colour effect given in the finish. |
A taffeta with
a metallic colour effect given in the finish. |
| TAFFETA RIBBON |
w |
A ribbon of continuous
filament yarn in plain weave |
A ribbon of continuous
filament yarn in plain weave, with a relatively high warp
density and a very fine, almost imperceptible rib, generally
with a selvedge of contrasting weave. |
| TAFFETALINE |
I |
A plain weave fabric
made of waste silk, finished in imitation of taffeta. |
A plain weave fabric
made of waste silk, finished in imitation of taffeta.
Made in various qualities. Mainly used for lining dress
skirts. Also called 'tamtine' |
| TAFFETINE |
fabrics |
A lightweight,
plain weave, slightly stiffened fabric |
A lightweight,
plain weave, slightly stiffened fabric made with closely
spaced organzine warp and coarser cotton, linen or silk
wefts. Used for linings. |
| TAFFETIZED FABRICS |
I |
A range of cotton
fabrics given a permanent partially glazed surface finish |
A range of cotton
fabrics given a permanent partially glazed surface finish,
which suggests taffeta. |
| TAFFETIZED FINISH |
processes, operations |
A non-permanent
crisp finish |
A non-permanent
crisp finish applied to fabrics to give a rustle similar
to taffeta. |
| TAG CLOTH |
I |
See Label cloth. |
See Label cloth. |
| TAIL |
v |
A length of yarn
wound onto a cheese or cone at the commencement of winding
that |
A length of yarn
wound onto a cheese or cone at the commencement of winding
that protrudes from the main build-up of yarn and can
later be attached to the free end yarn of a second package
during magazine creeling. |
| TAIL END |
I |
The end of a piece
of a fabric, where that piece is finished on the loom. |
The end of a piece
of a fabric, where that piece is finished on the loom.
Opposite of head end. |
| TAILED COTTON |
v |
A stringy cotton
resulting from the ginning of cotton when it is too damp. |
A stringy cotton
resulting from the ginning of cotton when it is too damp. |
| TAILING |
defects |
Dyeing defect. |
Dyeing defect.
A gradual change in colour along a length of material
to which colorant has been applied by padding or other
continuous techniques. |
| TAILOR'S CHALK |
w |
Dyeing defect. |
Also called Clay.
A piece of flat pipeclay, either square or triangular
in shape, used for making marking cloth |
| TAILOR'S TACKS |
|
Same as Mark-stitch |
Same as Mark-stitch |
| TAILOR'S TWIST |
v |
A coarse, strong
silk sewing thread used by tailors. |
A coarse, strong
silk sewing thread used by tailors. |
| TAK DYEING |
¡ |
Continuous dyeing
process for carpets. |
Continuous dyeing
process for carpets. The main steps of the process are:
(a) carpet wetted; (b) dye and auxiliary chemicals applied;
(c) dye fixed in festoon steamer; (d) carpet washed and
dried in one pass through the carpet drying range |
| TAKE DOWN |
F |
A device on a knitting
machine that ensures that fabric is removed from the knitting
machine |
A device on a knitting
machine that ensures that fabric is removed from the knitting
machine at a constant linear rate or at a constant tension. |
| TAKE-IN MACHINE |
F |
See Pull-in machine. |
See Pull-in machine. |
| TAKE-UP |
fabrics |
Also called Contraction.
The difference in distance between two points in a yarn |
Also called Contraction.
The difference in distance between two points in a yarn
as it lies in a fabric and the same two points after the
yarn has been removed from the fabric and straightened
under specified tension, expressed as a percentage of
the straightened length. |
| TAMBOUR |
F |
A double hoop used
to hold fabric for embroidering. |
A double hoop used
to hold fabric for embroidering. The fabric is stretched
over the inside hoop and held securely in place by the
second hoop |
| TAMBOUR LACE |
¡ |
A piece of net
is stretched on a frame and the yarn is drawn by a hooked
or tambour needle through the meshes of the net. |
A piece of net
is stretched on a frame and the yarn is drawn by a hooked
or tambour needle through the meshes of the net. Tambour
work is of Eastern origin and the tambour is derived from
the drum or tambourine-shaped form on which the work is
done. In the strictest sense of the word, it is not the
lace, but embroidery. May be made by hand or machine. |
| TAMISE |
I |
Similar to Marquisette. |
Similar to Marquisette. |
| TANGLE |
v |
A mass of fibre,
raw stock, yarn, etc |
A mass of fibre,
raw stock, yarn, etc |
| TANGLE LACED FABRIC |
I |
In formed fabrics,
the bonding may be done by tangling the fibres rather
than by stitching or spot binding. |
In formed fabrics,
the bonding may be done by tangling the fibres rather
than by stitching or spot binding. |
| TANGLING |
processes, operations |
An entangled condition
of two or more layers of tow |
An entangled condition
of two or more layers of tow which have become intertwined
and withdrawn in that state. May shake out or become disengaged
before it reaches the first banding jet or its guide;
if not, a break will occur. Also called Snarl and Pull- |
| TAPA CLOTH |
I |
Non-woven cloth,
made of beaten bark fibres of the mulberry tree. |
Non-woven cloth,
made of beaten bark fibres of the mulberry tree. Layers
of cleansed bark are beaten with mallets into a web, which
may be made as fine as muslin or tough and leathery. It
is easily bleached, dyed and printed. Excellent printed
designs are applied by primitive means. It does serve
for apparel and decorative use among the natives of the
Pacific Islands. Usage mostly limited to the Pacific Islands |
| TAPE |
I |
A single ply narrow
fabric, usually of plain-weave, sometimes knitted, used
in non-load bearing applications or reinforcing of fabrics
to resist wear and deformation. |
1. A single ply
narrow fabric, usually of plain-weave, sometimes knitted,
used in non-load bearing applications or reinforcing of
fabrics to resist wear and deformation. See also Webbing.
2. A long narrow flat structure with textile-like properties
made from thermoplastic polymer, pa-per, or other appropriate
material. |
| TAPE ENDS |
w |
In zippers, the
tape extending beyond the stops at either or both ends
of the stringers. |
In zippers, the
tape extending beyond the stops at either or both ends
of the stringers. |
| TAPE RUCHE |
w |
See under Ruche. |
See under Ruche. |
| TAPE SELVEDGE |
I |
A closely woven,
tape-like selvedge |
A closely woven,
tape-like selvedge, which consists of two or more additional
threads woven in basket weave, differing in construction
and appearance from the body of the fabric. This gives
the fabric, added strength and also help resist curling |
| TAPE-FINISHED HEM |
z |
A raw edge of a
garment or household textile that is finished by attaching
and stitching a seam |
A raw edge of a
garment or household textile that is finished by attaching
and stitching a seam,-binding tape to cover the raw edge. |
| TAPED ENDS |
t |
Weaving defect |
Weaving defect.
Two or more warp yarns drawn through the healds and reed
as one as a result of being stuck together after sizing
process. |
| TAPED SEAM |
|
A seam which includes
straight tape. |
A seam which includes
straight tape. Normally used to prevent stretching and
for strength. |
| TAPERED CONES |
v |
See under Biconical
package. |
See under Biconical
package. |
| TAPESTRY |
fabrics |
Highly ornamental
fabric, woven on a Jacquard loom, which has an embroidered
look. |
Highly ornamental
fabric, woven on a Jacquard loom, which has an embroidered
look. Cotton and worsted yarns are used in many colors,
usually showing a picture. A heavy fabric used upholstery,
curtains and bedspreads. Tapestry sometimes comes into
fashion for clothes and is then made lighter in weight. |
| TAPESTRY CARPET |
z |
A patterned carpet
woven by the single pile Wilton process, in which a warp,
printed before weaving, is used to produce the design. |
A patterned carpet
woven by the single pile Wilton process, in which a warp,
printed before weaving, is used to produce the design.
When the pile is cut, the carpet is known as tapestry
velvet. |
| TAPESTRY VELVET
CARPET |
z |
A cut-pile carpet
woven from a printed-pile warp or single frame of yarn. |
A cut-pile carpet
woven from a printed-pile warp or single frame of yarn.
It was traditionally woven on a tapestry carpet loom with
bladed wires. |
| TAPESTRY WEAVE |
I |
A construction
in which wefts are battened so closely as to conceal the
warps. |
A construction
in which wefts are battened so closely as to conceal the
warps. Used especially in Navajo weaving. |
| TAPPA CLOTH |
fabrics |
A white fabric
made by beating together the bast or bark of the paper
mulberry tree. |
A white fabric
made by beating together the bast or bark of the paper
mulberry tree. This is done by hand by the natives of
the Marquesas Islands. The colour of tappa cloth can be
fast when dyed with vegetable dyestuffs. |
| TAPPET FABRIC |
fabrics |
Fabric of a simple
weave structure |
Fabric of a simple
weave structure that may be woven on a cam or tappet loom. |
| TARE |
o |
A deduction from
the weight of merchandise plus container, made in allowance
for the weight of the container. |
1. A deduction
from the weight of merchandise plus container, made in
allowance for the weight of the container.
2. To yield a specified proportion or degree of wool top
over noil, as, this wool tares well. |
| TARLATAN |
fabrics |
An open, plain-weave
coarse cotton with a starched finish, resembling coarse
net. |
An open, plain-weave
coarse cotton with a starched finish, resembling coarse
net. Highly inflammable. Used in millinery and for stiffening
belts as well as for extra stiff petticoats or bustle
effects. Often used for stage costumes. |
| TARNISH PREVENTION
FABRIC |
I |
Chemically treated,
napped cloth used to wrap silver |
Chemically treated,
napped cloth used to wrap silver and to line silver chests,
to protect silver from oxidising. |
| TARNISH RESISTANT
FLANNEL |
I |
Flannel dyed with
colours free from sulphur and other substances that possess
a tendency to tarnish silver and impregnated with chemicals
that absorb sulphur fumes. |
Flannel dyed with
colours free from sulphur and other substances that possess
a tendency to tarnish silver and impregnated with chemicals
that absorb sulphur fumes. Used to wrap silver and to
line silver chests. |
| TARPAULIN |
fabrics |
A general term
for heavy waterproof canvas fabric, used as protective
cover for cargo, etc. |
A general term
for heavy waterproof canvas fabric, used as protective
cover for cargo, etc. from weather. Originally made of
cotton duck waterproofed with tar. Also plain weave jute
or hemp fabric made with taped ends and single filling,
waterproofed with tar, paint or other waterproofing substances.
Now made of nylon and other synthetic fibres. |
| TARRED ROPE |
z |
A rope which has
received an application of tar to increase resistance
to the deteriorating effect of water. |
A rope which has
received an application of tar to increase resistance
to the deteriorating effect of water. Yarns for this cordage
are usually treated with tar by the dipping and saturating
process. It also imparts added abrasion resistance. |
| TARTAN |
fabrics |
tartan is an elaborately
colored check design |
Authentic tartan
designs belong to individual Scottish clans, although
many other people now wear them. Cloth is woolen or worsted
in twill weave; each tartan is an elaborately colored
check design. The traditional garment is the pleated kilt,
but tartan cloth is also used for trousers, shawls and
fashion garments. Elaborately checked fabric is available
which is not authentic tartan, often made from acrylic
or cotton. The weight of the cloth varies considerably. |
| TARTAN CHECKS |
I |
Plain or twill
weave cotton dress fabric with standard patterned Scotch
plaids. |
Plain or twill
weave cotton dress fabric with standard patterned Scotch
plaids. May also refer to fibred fabric with a similar
plaid pattern. |
| TASSEL |
I |
A pendant trimming
with a tuft of loose yarn at the end of a length of rope-like
material. |
A pendant trimming
with a tuft of loose yarn at the end of a length of rope-like
material. Used for dresses, coats, curtains and upholstery.
An embroidery stitch used to form fringe. |
| TATTERSALL CHECK |
I |
Large, loud check
woollen cloth, often in black and white with another color. |
Large, loud check
woollen cloth, often in black and white with another color.
Often worn on the racecourse. Used for overcoats, hats,
caps and capes for men. Usually heavy. See also Tattersal
checks under Checks |
| TATTING |
fabrics |
Lacy work, of varying
coarseness, depending on the thread used |
Lacy work, of varying
coarseness, depending on the thread used (usually crochet
thread). It is worked using a shuttle with thread wound
on to it, and using the fingers of the other hand in conjunction
with it. Usually used only for edgings, motifs, or tablemats.
TEARING STRENGTH I The resistance of a fabric to tearing. |
| TATTING COTTON |
I |
A fine, hard twist,
cotton thread used in tatting. |
A fine, hard twist,
cotton thread used in tatting. |
| TE |
z |
See Total elongation. |
See Total elongation. |
| TEAR |
t |
Fabric defect. |
Fabric defect.
An opening in the structure of a fabric in which several
warp or weft yarns, or both, are severed. |
| TEAR DROP |
t |
Also called Teariness.
Fabric defect in woven fabrics. |
Also called Teariness.
Fabric defect in woven fabrics. A fabric condition characterized
by short crescent-like elliptical deviations of one or
more adjoining picks, caused by insufficient warp tension,
incorrect harness timing, over-sized warp, uneven penetration
of sizing solution. Tear drops are most pronounced in
taffetas and grosgrain weaves. |
| TEARINESS |
t |
See Tear drop. |
See Tear drop. |
| TEARING IN PRINTING |
¡ |
See Tiering. |
See Tiering. |
| TEARING STRENGTH |
I |
The resistance
of a fabric to tearing. |
The resistance
of a fabric to tearing.
1. The average force required to start a tear in a fabric
under specified conditions.
2. The average force required to continue or propagate
a tear, previously started in a fabric, under specified
conditions. |
| TEASE |
¡ |
The process of
napping or teaseling. |
The process of
napping or teaseling. |
| TEASEL |
F |
See Teazle |
See Teazle |
| TEAZEL |
F |
See Teazle |
See Teazle |
| TEAZLE |
o |
Also called Teasel,
Teazel. |
Also called Teasel,
Teazel. The dried prickly burr of the plant Fullerr's
thistle ('Dipsacus fullonam'), used to raise the nap and
pile on certain fabrics. The machine used for this purpose
is known as Teazle Gig. Wire brushes may also be used
for this purpose |
| TEAZLE GIG |
F |
See under Teazle. |
See under Teazle. |
| TEAZLING |
processes, operations |
The dried prickly
burr of the plant Fullerr's thistle |
The dried prickly
burr of the plant Fullerr's thistle is used to raise the
nap and pile on certain fabrics. The machine used for
this purpose is known as Teazle gig. Wire brushes may
also be used for this purpose |
| TEBELIZED |
¡ |
A finish applied
to many fabrics, including pile constructions. |
A finish applied
to many fabrics, including pile constructions. The finish
resists creasing, crushing and mussing; gives the fabrics
the ability to recover from wrinkling in wear; remains
the same after washing. |
| TECHNICAL TEXTILES |
fabrics |
Textile materials
and products manufactured primarily for their technical
performance |
Textile materials
and products manufactured primarily for their technical
performance and functional properties rather than their
aesthetic or decorative characteristics. Some of the end-uses
include, aerospace, industrial, marine, medical, military,
safety and transport textiles and geo textiles. |
| TEDDY BEAR CLOTH |
I |
A napped fleece
coating made of wool and mohair. |
A napped fleece
coating made of wool and mohair. |
| TEFLON |
v |
See Tetrafluoroethylene. |
See Tetrafluoroethylene. |
| TEG WOOL |
v |
See Hog wool. |
See Hog wool. |
| TEKKA |
z |
A type of plaited
cord made of native wool in Algeria and generally dyed
one colour. |
A type of plaited
cord made of native wool in Algeria and generally dyed
one colour. Used by Arab men to tie trousers. |
| TEKLAN |
v |
Trade name for
a modacrylic fibre, which is strong and hardwearing but
also soft, warm and light and can be bulked. |
Trade name for
a modacrylic fibre, which is strong and hardwearing but
also soft, warm and light and can be bulked. Has good
resistance to sunlight, bacteria and chemicals and, above
all, is nonflammable. Used mainly in woven and knitted
dress materials, and household textiles, such as net curtains
and furnishing fabrics, and because it is particularly
flame-resistant, for children's nightwear. See Acrylics |
| TELESCOPIC RAPIER |
F |
See Rapier. |
See Rapier. |
| TEMPLE |
F |
A device used on
looms to hold the cloth at the fell as near as possible |
A device used on
looms to hold the cloth at the fell as near as possible
to the width of the warp in the reed; to control the fabric
width. |
| TEMPLE CUTTING |
t |
Fabric defect,
caused by fracture of the warp or weft yarn, or both,
by temple pins during weaving. |
Fabric defect,
caused by fracture of the warp or weft yarn, or both,
by temple pins during weaving. |
| TEMPLE MARK |
t |
Also called Bad
temple, Pick-out place, and Rough place. |
Also called Bad
temple, Pick-out place, and Rough place. Fabric defect
in woven fabrics. Small holes, impressions, distortions,
or marks adjacent to the selvage of the fabric caused
by poorly ad-justed or improper temples. |
| TEMPORARY SET |
¡ |
See under Setting. |
See under Setting. |
| TENACITY |
v I |
The maximum specific
stress that is developed in a tensile test taken to rupture. |
The maximum specific
stress that is developed in a tensile test taken to rupture. |
| TENCEL |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Trade name of a
brand of lyocell fibre. |
Trade name of a
brand of lyocell fibre. See Lyocell. |
| TENDEL |
I |
A variety of biaze
dyed with indigo. |
A variety of biaze
dyed with indigo. Made in Central Asia. |
| TENDER GOODS |
t |
Fabric which has
become weak because of tendering. |
Fabric defect.
Fabric which has become weak because of tendering. |
| TENDER SPOT |
t |
See Weak spot |
See Weak spot |
| TENDER SPOTS |
t |
Places in fabric
which have been excessively weakened, usually by exposure
to processing chemicals. |
Places in fabric
which have been excessively weakened, usually by exposure
to processing chemicals. Also occurs in printing and finishing
procedures. |
| TENDER WOOL |
v |
Wool, below the
normal tensile strength. |
Wool, below the
normal tensile strength. |
| TENDERING |
defects |
Weakening of textile
materials by over exposure to some treatment or finishing
operation. |
Weakening of textile
materials by over exposure to some treatment or finishing
operation. Tendering can occur due to the use of dried-out
yarn, very strong a scouring liquor, redyeing, redyeing
after stripping the cloth too harshly to remove the colouring
on the material, poor singeing, excessive napping, excessive
shearing, etc |
| TENERIFFE LACE |
fabrics |
Lace which is
inexpensive typified by a wheel design or spider's web
motif. |
Lace which is
inexpensive typified by a wheel design or spider's web
motif. These are often joined to make mats or added to
table linen. It is similar to Paraguay lace. |
| TENNIS CLOTH |
fabrics |
Also called Tennis
flannel. A bleached or cream-coloured fabric made of cotton, |
Also called Tennis
flannel. A bleached or cream-coloured fabric made of cotton,
sometimes with wool filling, in a two up, two down twill
or other simple weaves, and often decorated with stripes
of mercerized cotton or spun silk. Popular for shirting,
sportswear and dresses. |
| TENNIS FLANNEL |
I |
See Tennis cloth. |
See Tennis cloth. |
| TENSILE |
general |
Relating to tension
in, or on, a material. |
Relating to tension
in, or on, a material. |
| TENSILE HYSTERESIS
CURVE |
o |
A stress-strain
or a complex load-elongation curve |
A stress-strain
or a complex load-elongation curve obtained when the test
sample is (a) subjected to successive applications of
a load or stress less than is required to rupture and
to the removal of the load or stress according to a given
procedure; (b) stressed less than breaking elongation
and is permitted to relax by removing the strain according
to the given procedure. |
| TENSILE STRAIN |
o |
The relative length
deformation exhibited by a specimen subjected to a tensile
force |
The relative length
deformation exhibited by a specimen subjected to a tensile
force; the extension of a material subject to tension
expressed as a proportion of the length of the specimen. |
| TENSILE STRENGTH |
o |
See Breaking strength. |
See Breaking strength. |
| TENSILE STRENGTH
AT BREAK |
o |
Also called Breaking
force. |
Also called Breaking
force. The tensile force recorded at the moment of rupture.
The tensile strength and the tensile strength at break
may be different if, after yield, the elongation continues
and is accompanied by a drop in force resulting in tensile
strength at break being lower than tensile strength. |
| TENSILE STRESS |
o |
The stress within
a material subjected to tension. |
The stress within
a material subjected to tension. |
| TENSILE TEST |
o |
A test in which
a textile material is extended in one direction to determine
one or more of its force-extension |
A test in which
a textile material is extended in one direction to determine
one or more of its force-extension; or stress-strain,
characteristics; e.g. Breaking force, Elongation at break. |
| TENSION |
o |
The force acting
along a yarn or fabric sample tending to elongate it |
The force acting
along a yarn or fabric sample tending to elongate it;
a uniaxial force tending to cause the extension of a body
or the balancing force within that body resisting the
extension. |
| TENSION REP |
I |
A plain weave rep
made on two warp beams, one tensioned slackly and the
second tightly. |
A plain weave rep
made on two warp beams, one tensioned slackly and the
second tightly. Ends are arranged in a simple pattern,
e.g. one tight end and alternating with one slack end. |
| TENSION TEST |
o |
A test designed
to measure the tautness in a textile strand or fabric. |
A test designed
to measure the tautness in a textile strand or fabric.
See also Tensile test. |
| TENSION-SUPPORTED
ROOF |
z |
A fabric roof-system |
A fabric roof-system,
that is properly secured and primarily held in place by
tensile forces applied across the system. |
| TENSOMETER |
F |
A laboratory device
that measures the tensile strength, and therefore the
tenacity, of the specimen. |
A laboratory device
that measures the tensile strength, and therefore the
tenacity, of the specimen. |
| TENT CLOTH |
I |
A strong, waterproof
cloth, especially duck, used for tents. |
A strong, waterproof
cloth, especially duck, used for tents. |
| TENT STITCH |
|
A short, slanted
type of needlework made in even lines of stitches from
left to right. |
A short, slanted
type of needlework made in even lines of stitches from
left to right. Commonly used in embroidery. |
| TENTER |
F |
Same as Stenter. |
Same as Stenter. |
| TENTER MARK |
t |
See Clip mark. |
See Clip mark. |
| TENTERING |
¡ |
Same as Stentering. |
Same as Stentering. |
| TERENE |
v |
A trade name for
polyester resembling Dacron physically |
A trade name for
polyester resembling Dacron physically; in a range of
deniers and staple fibres. |
| TERINDA |
v |
Trade name for
a polyester fibre, from which a range of knitting yarns
has been designed especially for surface finishes. |
Trade name for
a polyester fibre, from which a range of knitting yarns
has been designed especially for surface finishes. The
yarns may be bright, dull or extra dull. Used in suede
and panne fabrics. |
| TERMINOLOGY FOR
GRADING PROCESS |
¡ |
See under Grading. |
See under Grading. |
| TERRITORY WOOL |
v |
This wool is chiefly
of the fine type and it shows heavy shrinkage and low
yield. |
This wool is chiefly
of the fine type and it shows heavy shrinkage and low
yield. Much of the wool is dull, dark and dirty in-the-grease
but it scoures well to a good white. |
| TERRY |
I |
See Terry towelling. |
See Terry towelling. |
| TERRY FABRIC |
fabrics |
A warp-pile fabric
having the pile in the form of loops, |
A warp-pile fabric
having the pile in the form of loops, which is used for
toweling, beach robes, bath mats, etc. |
| TERRY OFF |
t |
Fabric defect.
A band in a terry section that has no terry loops. |
Fabric defect.
A band in a terry section that has no terry loops. Usually
caused by incorrect let-off motion. |
| TERRY ON PALAIN |
t |
Fabric defect.
Terry loops appearing within a plain section of a terry
fabric |
Fabric defect.
Terry loops appearing within a plain section of a terry
fabric. Usually caused by incorrect let-off motion. |
| TERRY TOWEL |
z |
See under Towel. |
See under Towel. |
| TERRY TOWELING |
fabrics |
It is cotton backing
with uncut loops on the surface. |
It is cotton backing
with uncut loops on the surface. The best quality toweling
has loops on both sides and a firmly woven selvage. The
loops are formed by the extra yarn being fed in at a slack
tension; they are easily caught and pulled on cheap toweling,
but on better quality fabric they are shorter and closer
and more firmly anchored. Terry may be plain or printed.
Used for robes and beachwear as well as towels, curtains
and bath mats, etc. Terry varies in thickness, but all
are all bulky. Also sometimes called Turkish toweling. |
| TERRY VELVET |
I |
A velvet fabric
with a looped pile, produced in the same way as Terry
toweling. |
A velvet fabric
with a looped pile, produced in the same way as Terry
toweling. |
| TERTIARY COLOURS |
o |
Shade of colour
made by mixing the primary colours or one or more of the
secondary colours with grey or black. |
Shade of colour
made by mixing the primary colours or one or more of the
secondary colours with grey or black. See also Colour,
Primary colours and Secondary colours. |
| TERYLENE |
v |
Trade name of a
polyester fibre, produced from petroleum and its byproducts. |
Trade name of a
polyester fibre, produced from petroleum and its byproducts.
Can be successfully bulked. Is extremely hardwearing and
mixes well with many other fibres such as cotton, wool,
and viscose. Does not catch light but it melts. Used in
all types of dress and furnishing fabrics. See Polyester. |
| TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
It is Teflon. |
It is Teflon. A
textile fibre made in either staple or filament form from
tetrafluoroethylene monomer unit. |
| TEX |
v |
Tex is the basic
unit of the tex system. |
Tex is the basic
unit of the tex system. A unit for expressing linear density,
equal to the mass in grams of 1000 metres of yarn, filament,
fibre or other textile strand. It is a recognized SI unit.
See Tex system. |
| TEX COUNT (tex) |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Tex is the basic
unit of the tex system |
Tex is the basic
unit of the tex system. A unit for expressing linear density,
equal to the mass in grams of 1000 metres of yarn, filament,
fibre or other textile strand. It is a recognized SI unit.
See Tex system and Yarn count in tex system |
| TEX SYSTEM |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
The internationally
accepted system of expressing linear density (mass per
unit length) of fibres, filaments, slivers, and yarns,
or other linear textile material. |
The internationally
accepted system of expressing linear density (mass per
unit length) of fibres, filaments, slivers, and yarns,
or other linear textile material. The basic unit is tex,
which is the mass in grams of one kilometre of the product.
Multiples and sub-multiples recommended for use in preference
to other possible combinations are: kilogram per kilometre,
designated kilotex (ktex); decigram per kilometre, designated
decitex (dtex); and milligram per kilometre, designated
millitex (mtex). |
| TEXILOSE |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A substitute for
jute yarn, |
A substitute for
jute yarn, consisting of paper strips mixed with short
waste textile fibres. |
| TEXIPIQUÉ |
fabrics |
A non-jacquard
double jersey fabric |
A non-jacquard
double jersey fabric made on an interlock basis and consisting
of a selection of knitted and tuck loops. |
| TEXTILE |
general |
The word is derived
from the Latin word 'texere' |
The word is derived
from the Latin word 'texere' - to weave; but a wider meaning
than simply that of weaving must be accepted since that
is only one of a variety of ways of making textile fabrics.
Originally a woven fabric, now generally applied to fibres,
yarn intermediates, yarns, fabrics, and products made
from fabrics which retain more or less completely the
strength, flexibility, and other properties of the original
fibres or filaments. A textile is a fabric made from fibres
but, as shown below, the fibres may either be converted
into yarn first and then the yarns put together in one
of a variety of ways to make fabrics, or the fibres can
be converted directly into a fabric. |
| TEXTILE ARTICLES |
z |
Yarns, piece goods
and made-up articles consisting mainly of textile materials. |
Yarns, piece goods
and made-up articles consisting mainly of textile materials. |
| TEXTILE DESIGN |
¡ |
An arrangement
of forms or colours, or both, to be implemented for ornamentation
in or on various textile materials. |
An arrangement
of forms or colours, or both, to be implemented for ornamentation
in or on various textile materials. Designs or patterns
may be woven or knitted into the structure of a fabric;
may form a surface decoration; or a blend of colours may
brighten or improve the design or pattern. |
| TEXTILE FABRIC |
I |
See Fabric. |
See Fabric. |
| TEXTILE FIBRE |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A unit of matter
that is characterized by having a length at least 100
times its diameter or width |
A unit of matter
that is characterized by having a length at least 100
times its diameter or width and which can be spun into
a yarn or made into a fabric by interlacing in a variety
of methods, including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting,
and twisting. Not, all fibres are suitable for textile
purposes because a textile fibre must possess sufficient
length, fineness, strength and flexibility to be suitable
for manufacture into fabrics. The two basic forms of textile
fibres are Filament and Staple. See also Fibre. |
| TEXTILE MATERIALS |
general |
An inclusive term
for fibres, yarns, fabrics, and products |
An inclusive term
for fibres, yarns, fabrics, and products, which keep relatively
the same tensile strength, flexibility and properties
of the original fibres. |
| TEXTILE MODULUS |
general |
Deprecated term. |
Deprecated term.
See Young's modulus. |
| TEXTILE PROCESSING |
processes, operations |
Any mechanical
process used to transform a textile fibre or yarn to a
fabric or other textile material. |
Any mechanical
process used to transform a textile fibre or yarn to a
fabric or other textile material. Included in these processes
are: Opening, Carding, Combing, Spinning, Quilling, Slashing,
Weaving, Knitting, etc. |
| TEXTILE TECHNICIAN |
general |
A specialist knowledgeable
in the technical details |
A specialist knowledgeable
in the technical details of some particular phase of textile
manufacturing. |
| TEXTILE TECHNOLOGIST |
general |
A scientist who
applied precise knowledge |
A scientist who
applied precise knowledge to the development or direction
of various phases of textile manufacturing. |
| TEXTILE, NON-COMBUSTIBLE |
fabrics |
See Non-combustible
textile. |
See Non-combustible
textile. |
| TEXTILIST |
o |
A specialist in
some phase of textiles. |
A specialist in
some phase of textiles. |
| TEXTURAL DESIGN |
¡ |
A great variety
of design and texture effects which may be produced by
weave combination of various materials and in pile fabrics |
A great variety
of design and texture effects which may be produced by
weave combination of various materials and in pile fabrics
as distinguished from design produced by colour. See Textile
design. |
| TEXTURE |
fabrics |
The surface appearance
and hand of a textile material; |
The surface appearance
and hand of a textile material; may be described as: dull,
lustrous, woolly, stiff, soft, fine, coarse, open or closely
woven, etc. Texture is independent of the colour of the
material. |
| TEXTURED FILAMENT |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Multi- or mono-filament
yarn characterized by actual, or latent, filament crimps,
coils or loops, with or without twist liveliness |
Multi- or mono-filament
yarn characterized by actual, or latent, filament crimps,
coils or loops, with or without twist liveliness, by which
it has, or can develop by after-treatment, bulk and/or
stretch properties. |
| TEXTURED GLASS
YARN |
v |
A yarn processed
from continuous filament yarn |
A yarn processed
from continuous filament yarn in such a manner to induce
bulk to the yarn by disorientation of the filaments |
| TEXTURED PILE |
z |
See under Pile
in carpet. |
See under Pile
in carpet. |
| TEXTURED YARN |
v |
A generic term
for filament or spun yarns |
A generic term
for filament or spun yarns that have been given notably
greater apparent volume than conventional yarns of similar
fibre or filament count and linear density. See Texturing. |
| TEXTURING |
processes, operations |
Also called Texturising.
A process by which synthetic thermoplastic yarns are imparted
additional bulk, moderate stretch and texture. |
Also called Texturising.
A process by which synthetic thermoplastic yarns are imparted
additional bulk, moderate stretch and texture. A continuous
filament yarn that has been processed to introduce durable
crimps, coils, loops or other fine distortions along the
lengths of the filaments. Man-made fibres, in the form
of continuous filaments, when twisted together to make
smooth surfaced continuous filament yarns, could not compete
effectively with spun yarns, particularly those made from
natural fibres, because they did not have the same hairiness,
bulk and warmth of handle, or high moisture absorbency
which the spun yarns possess.
The texturing process imparts, to the stronger continuous
filament synthetics; those properties which were once
associated only with staple yarns |
