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Home > Online Textile Dictionary

O
Word
Category
Short description
Description
O.D. fabrics See Olive drab. See Olive drab.
OAKLEAF BRAID fabrics A jacquard woven narrow fabric having a conventional oakleaf and acron design contained within the border A jacquard woven narrow fabric having a conventional oakleaf and acron design contained within the border, customarily used as a uniform cap-band.
OATMEAL fabrics An old fashioned term which used to describe any fabric, usually wool An old fashioned term which used to describe any fabric, usually wool, that has a coloured, pebbled effect resembling oatmeal.
OATMEAL CRÊPE fabrics A weave that creates a rough irregular surface effect by a random arrangement of binding points. A weave that creates a rough irregular surface effect by a random arrangement of binding points. It can be produced on a plain base or a satin base, or by reversing small motifs, or superimposing weaves. The effect is intended to simulate the surface appearance of a crêpe produced in plain weave using highly twisted 'S' and 'Z' twist yarns.
OATS fibers, filaments, yarns An early maturing variety of American cotton with staple approximately 1.91 to 2.54 cm long. An early maturing variety of American cotton with staple approximately 1.91 to 2.54 cm long.
OBA apparatus, equipage, tools See Optical brightening agent. See Optical brightening agent.
OBJECTS fabrics Lace having ornamental devices (such as flowers) appearing regularly in various parts of a piece of lace. Lace having ornamental devices (such as flowers) appearing regularly in various parts of a piece of lace.
OCELOT fibers, filaments, yarns A very hardwearing, fairly coarse textured thin fur. A very hardwearing, fairly coarse textured thin fur. Like Leopard, it has spots, but they are more oval in shape.
OE YARN fibers, filaments, yarns An abbreviation for open-end spun yarn. An abbreviation for open-end spun yarn. This term is mainly restricted to rotor-spun yarns. See Rotor spinning.
OFF-CLIP defects See Scalloped selvage See Scalloped selvage
OFF-GRAIN defects A general term used to describe fabrics in which the warp and weft, although straight, are not at right angles to each other. A general term used to describe fabrics in which the warp and weft, although straight, are not at right angles to each other. This term is applied to skewed or drawn pieces when lack of information as to the cause, prevents the use of the more precise term
OFF-PRESSING processes, operations The final pressing operations on a garment after assembly. The final pressing operations on a garment after assembly. Also called Pressing off.
OFF-REGISTER defects Also called Out-of-fit, Out-of register. Printing defect. Also called Out-of-fit, Out-of register. Printing defect. A jumbled motif or mottled colour effect which comes from improper alignment of the printing machine rollers. The effect will show blank areas which should have been printed, but because of poor settings leave the areas white or some-what discoloured.
OFF-SHADE defects An expression referring to the fact that the colour of the dyed textile material does not match the standard colour or referred sample. An expression referring to the fact that the colour of the dyed textile material does not match the standard colour or referred sample.
OFF-SQUARE fabrics A fabric with a nominal square count (same number of picks as ends per inch) but not actually square. 1. A fabric with a nominal square count (same number of picks as ends per inch) but not actually square.
2. The difference between the percentage of warp crimp and the percentage of the weft crimp.
OFFSET TWILL WEAVE fabrics Same as Braided twill weave. Same as Braided twill weave.
OI general See Oxygen index. See Oxygen index.
OIL REPELLENCY fibers, filaments, yarns, fabrics The characteristic of a fibre, yarn or fabric whereby it resists wetting by oily liquids. The characteristic of a fibre, yarn or fabric whereby it resists wetting by oily liquids.
OIL SPOT defects See Blotch. See Blotch.
OIL STAINS defects Fabric defect. Fabric defect. Stains, spots, and marks that are detrimental to cloth. They are acquired in several ways. Many oil spots are the result of poor material handling.
OIL-COMBING processes, operations The adding of a small quantity of oil emulsion in the process of combing worsted tops. The adding of a small quantity of oil emulsion in the process of combing worsted tops.
OILCLOTH fabrics One of the early waterproof fabrics. One of the early waterproof fabrics. Usually cotton, treated with linseed oil varnish to give it a shiny effect. Mainly used as table and shelf covering, and for bags and raincoats. The surface wear off easily and it is inclined to tear. Has been almost completely superseded by the modern laminates and other coated fabrics
OILED SILK fabrics A very old waterproof fabric which was used for rainwear and as waterproof covers for dressing wounds. A very old waterproof fabric which was used for rainwear and as waterproof covers for dressing wounds. Produced in a manner similar to that used for Oil cloth.
OILED VISCOSE fabrics Viscose fabrics made impervious to water. Viscose fabrics made impervious to water.
OILED WOOL fabrics Unscoured or undyed knitting wool or wool dyed before spinning and containing added oil not subsequently removed. Unscoured or undyed knitting wool or wool dyed before spinning and containing added oil not subsequently removed.
OILSKIN fabrics Fabric of practically any natural or synthetic fibre that has been treated with linseed oil varnish. Fabric of practically any natural or synthetic fibre that has been treated with linseed oil varnish. Used for protective clothing. See also OiIcloth and Oiled silk.
OLEFIN FIBRE fibers, filaments, yarns See Polyolefin. See Polyolefin.
OLEOPHILIC general Tendency to absorb and retain only oily materials. Tendency to absorb and retain only oily materials.
OLEOPHOBIC general Tendency to repel only oily materials. Tendency to repel only oily materials.
OLIGOMER apparatus, equipage, tools A simple polymer containing a small number of repeating units. A simple polymer containing a small number of repeating units. The oligomer most frequently encountered in the textile industry is the cyclic trimer of the polymer used for polyester fibre. This material can form deposits during the processing and dyeing of yarns and fabrics.
OLIVE DRAB fabrics Woollen cloth dyed in a greenish yellow colour with low saturation and brilliance. Woollen cloth dyed in a greenish yellow colour with low saturation and brilliance. Used mainly for U.S. Army uniforms.
OMBRÉ fabrics Name derived from the French word for 'shaded'. Name derived from the French word for 'shaded'. Fabric which has a shaded or graduated colour effect, which may be obtained either by weaving or dyeing. Usually it ranges from light to dark shades of one colour, giving a triped effect or sometimes an attractive all-over shading.
OMBRÉ PRINT fabrics Prints produced by a method called rainbowing. Prints produced by a method called rainbowing. It is a variant of block printing in which sieve used to supply the colour paste is prepared by placing pools of colour across it. These pools are then spread lengthwise with a roller to produce a rainbow effect. Blocks are then used to apply this colour to fabric. Also called 'Irised prints'.
ON THE DOUBLE processes, operations See Double, on the See Double, on the
ON-CALL COTTON general Raw-cotton purchased under a procedure whereby the price relative to the 'futures' price is agreed between buyer and seller, but the actual futures price is left to be fixed within a stipulated period Raw-cotton purchased under a procedure whereby the price relative to the 'futures' price is agreed between buyer and seller, but the actual futures price is left to be fixed within a stipulated period. The buyer has the right to 'call', i.e. demand fixation of the futures price, at any time within the stipulated time.
ONDÉ fabrics A French word meaning waved, used in relation to textile fabrics to describe a wave effect produced by calendering or weaving A French word meaning waved, used in relation to textile fabrics to describe a wave effect produced by calendering or weaving. See Ondulé
ONDINE fabrics A thick, cord Bengaline in which every cord is crinkled. A thick, cord Bengaline in which every cord is crinkled.
ONDULÉ fabrics Similar in appearance to 'Ombré' and also of French derivation, but the cloth is woven in wavy stripes Similar in appearance to 'Ombré' and also of French derivation, but the cloth is woven in wavy stripes, achieved by groups of warp threads being forced from side to side. Used for curtains, furnishing fabrics of all fibres
ONE-BY-ONE PURL FABRIC fabrics See under Purl fabric. See under Purl fabric.
ONE-FACE FABRIC fabrics A cloth of which only one side is suitable for the face or right side. A cloth of which only one side is suitable for the face or right side. Knots, long floats and extra yarn stitching on the back make it unsuitable for use as the face of the cloth
ONE-SIDED TERRY fabrics A terry cloth woven with loop pile on one side only. A terry cloth woven with loop pile on one side only.
ONE-WAY FABRIC fabrics Fabrics wherein a fibrous surface, be it nap or pile, is directional, there is a distinct difference in colour effect according to the direction in which light impinges on the surface fibres. Fabrics wherein a fibrous surface, be it nap or pile, is directional, there is a distinct difference in colour effect according to the direction in which light impinges on the surface fibres. It is usually impossible in practice to produce a large quantity of directional nap or pile fabric with all the fibres at exactly the same angle of inclination. The finishing processes of pile fabrics, cropping and brushing impart a direction to the pile which cannot be kept uniform over a large area.
In clothing the areas of fabric are not large enough to produce patchy areas but the movement of a garment causes colour changes to be constantly visible. It is important therefore that the directions of fibres in all garment parts are the same. Dressmakers usually prefer the pile of a fabric to run up-wards as this gives a richer colour effect, but obviously directional nap fabrics are made with the nap running downwards. The colour changes due to differing light reflection referred to above make colour matching of pile fabrics with each other and with conventional fabrics very difficult and at times it appears that a perfect match is impossible and that a compromise is all that can be achieved. However, great care is taken in matching nap or pile fabrics with plain textured materials, and with each other.
ONION CLOTH fabrics A strong bagging material with a large mesh, actually a netting, often a leno. A strong bagging material with a large mesh, actually a netting, often a leno. Used mainly for bags to hold onions and the same time display them for easy, fast selling.
ONIUM DYE ³ Small range of dyes, mostly used on cotton. Small range of dyes, mostly used on cotton. A cationic dye that is solubilized by available ammonium, sulphonium, phosphonium or oxonium substituent which splits off during fixation to leave an insoluble colorant in the fibre. This temporarily solubilized dye (water-soluble), being cationic, must not be mixed with anionic dyes, otherwise they will precipitate each other. In the presence of heat and alkali the solubilizing groups split up to give a very fast dye on the fibre. Onium dyes are:
· suitable for cotton and linen fibres.
See also Alcian and Phthalogen under Ingrain dye.
OOZE fibers, filaments, yarns Loose fibres, which project from the surface of yarn. Loose fibres, which project from the surface of yarn.
OP ART fabrics See Optical art. See Optical art.
OPEN BOIL processes, operations Scouring of cellulosic textiles with alkaline liquors in open vessels at or near the boiling points. Scouring of cellulosic textiles with alkaline liquors in open vessels at or near the boiling points.
OPEN DENT defects Fabric defect Fabric defect, characterised by an open streak of variable length parallel with the warp.
OPEN LAP processes, operations In warp knitting, a lapping movement in which the underlap is non-existent or is made in the same direction as the preceding overlap. In warp knitting, a lapping movement in which the underlap is non-existent or is made in the same direction as the preceding overlap. This results in a thread entering and leaving a loop at opposite sides without crossing over itself
OPEN LOOP fabrics In warp knitting a loop open at the base, i.e. a lapping movement in which the underlap is non-existent or is made in the same direction as the preceding overlap. In warp knitting a loop open at the base, i.e. a lapping movement in which the underlap is non-existent or is made in the same direction as the preceding overlap. This results in a thread entering and leaving a loop at opposite sides without crossing over itself.
OPEN PLACE defects See Crack mark. See Crack mark.
OPEN REED defects Fabric defect. Resulting from a bent reed wire causing the warp ends to be held apart exposing the weft yarn Fabric defect. Resulting from a bent reed wire causing the warp ends to be held apart exposing the weft yarn. Will be conspicuous on fabrics that use different colour yarns on warp and shuttle.
OPEN SHEDDING fabrics A method of forming a shed I A method of forming a shed in which, between the insertion of one weft pick and the next, the only warp threads moved are those that are required to change position from the upper to the lower line of the shed, or vice versa
OPEN SOAPER apparatus, equipage, tools A machine consisting of a number of compartments, each having rollers and/or nips, which is used for continuous wet treatment of textiles in open width. A machine consisting of a number of compartments, each having rollers and/or nips, which is used for continuous wet treatment of textiles in open width. By suitable arrangement of liquids in the series of compartments, a sequence of operations, e.g. fixing, rinsing, soaping and rinsing, can be carried out.
OPEN WIDTH WASHER apparatus, equipage, tools A machine for washing fabrics in open width continuously or in batch form. A machine for washing fabrics in open width continuously or in batch form.
OPEN-END SPINNING processes, operations Also called Break spinning. The formation of yarn by separating the single fibres, which are then rotated and joined to the 'open-end' of the twisted yarn, which also rotates. Since there is a 'break' in the system any twist inserted is true twist. Also called Break spinning. The formation of yarn by separating the single fibres, which are then rotated and joined to the 'open-end' of the twisted yarn, which also rotates. Since there is a 'break' in the system any twist inserted is true twist.
The ring spinning method spins most of the staple fibre yarns produced today. However, this has limited speeds of production and has a limited adaptability to automation. It is for this reason that the producers have looked for completely new methods of spinning. For some years now there has been growing interest in 'open-end' spinning, where, since the twist is not inserted in the yarn by the rotation of the yarn package, the operation can run at higher speeds and produce packages of any desired size and shape.
When spinning on this system an open end is created in the flow of fibres. Since the yarn being pro-duced has one end free any twist inserted is true rather than false. The essential operation depends on the formation of yarn by separating the single fibres, that are then rotated and joined to the 'open end' of the twisted yarn, which also rotates. This system eliminates the slowest process in cotton spinning and production is much more; even five or more times rapid than in orthodox ring spin-ning.
Open-end spinning machines make yarns which compare well with conventionally spun combed cotton yarns. These yarns have some improved properties and therefore less time is lost in rewind-ing, correcting faults and knotting broken ends together. The packages produced are much bigger and since sliver can be converted directly to a large package of yarn, many intermediate stages, such as roving, are cut out, and the labour costs involved in the complete operation are greatly reduced.
There are several different methods of open-end spinning available. The way in which the fibres are assembled onto the forming yarn varies and so does the means by which the twist is inserted. How-ever, here the basic principles of a few methods are only covered, although it must be appreciated that other promising ways are being developed, all based on the concept of having a break in the system. In the rotor method the roving stage is omitted and draw-frame sliver is presented to a small rotating tooth-covered roller. This reduces the sliver to a stream of almost individual fibres, which are injected into a small chamber rotating at high speed. The fibres are fed into the chamber and guided to its periphery. A ribbon of fibres is formed at the periphery and held by centrifugal force. The fibres are picked off the chamber surface by a length of yarn, scanning the periphery and as this ribbon is extracted, and as it twists around itself at the same time, twist is inserted by the rota-tion of the drum the end is continually wound off, so forming a continuous yarn.
In other methods, perforated drums or electrostatic forces are used in place of the rotor to assemble the fibres. In the air-vortex method the fibres are sucked into a stationary tube and travel in a helical path. They then join the yarn end, which rotates in the tube and inserts the twist. The point of con-tact between the fibre path and the yarn path is continuously moving up and down the tube and gives a mixing or doubling effect. The yarn is continuously pulled out of the tube.
OPEN-FACE FABRIC fabrics A face or shell fabric constructed with specifically designed open areas A face or shell fabric constructed with specifically designed open areas to show the substrate when joined to another material
OPEN-WIDTH PROCESSING processes, operations The treatment of fabric at its full width in the unfolded state in contrast to rope-form processing. The treatment of fabric at its full width in the unfolded state in contrast to rope-form processing. The fabric may be carried on rollers through the processing media or be held on a roller, as in beam dyeing.
OPENING processes, operations The process of separating fibres from each other in the preparatory stages of spinning. The process of separating fibres from each other in the preparatory stages of spinning.
OPENNESS garments, made-ups, assemblies The provision for leg stance in the angle of the leg seams. The provision for leg stance in the angle of the leg seams.
OPTICAL ART fabrics Also called Op art. Also called Op art. Fabrics on which simple designs are drawn: squares, circles, spirals, cubes, moiré patterns that offer multiple interpretations and a sense of movement. Layers of translucent fabric can ap-proximate this phenomenon.
OPTICAL BRIGHTENING AGENT apparatus, equipage, tools See Fluorescent whitening agent. See Fluorescent whitening agent.
OPTICAL DYE apparatus, equipage, tools See Fluorescent dye See Fluorescent dye
OPTIMUM TWIST fibers, filaments, yarns Spun yarns that have the amount of twist that gives the maximum tensile strength Spun yarns that have the amount of twist that gives the maximum tensile strength or the maximum bulk at strength levels suitable for weaving or knitting.
ORDINARY HONEYCOMB fabrics See under Honeycomb. See under Honeycomb.
ORDINARY LAY accessories A laid rope (see Lay - 2) in which the direction of twist in the roping yarn and the finished rope are the same A laid rope (see Lay - 2) in which the direction of twist in the roping yarn and the finished rope are the same and in which the direction of lay of the strand is in the opposite direction.
ORDINARY TWILL fabrics See Common twill See Common twill
ORDINARY TWIST fibers, filaments, yarns Same as 'Z' twist. Same as 'Z' twist. See also Direction of twist
ORGANDIE fabrics The sheerest cotton fabric made of fine 100 % cotton yarn. The sheerest cotton fabric made of fine 100 % cotton yarn. Open translucent fabric with a stiff han-dle, woven in plain weave and given a special acid finishing treatment which creates the crisp translucent effect by partially 'gelatinising' the surface of the fabric. The finish is permanent. Fabric creases very easily and is mainly used for decoration and as an interfacing fabric in lightweight garments. It is also used for dresses, blouses and sometimes for hats. Very springy and inclined to bubble and lose its shape under pressure.
The organdie-effect can be obtained more effectively (but not cheaply) by the use of monofilament synthetic yarns.
ORGANZA fabrics Similar in appearance to Organdie. Lightweight, plain weave, sheer fabric made originally from fine silk yarns but now also made in man-made synthetic fibre yarns. Similar in appearance to Organdie. Lightweight, plain weave, sheer fabric made originally from fine silk yarns but now also made in man-made synthetic fibre yarns. It has a crisp handle and drapes well. Made in plain colours and in printed styles, for dress use. Used for evening wear and trimming and may also be used as interfacing in fine fabrics.
ORGANZINE YARN fibers, filaments, yarns Two or more raw silk yarns twisted in the opposite direction from the single yarn of which it is made. Two or more raw silk yarns twisted in the opposite direction from the single yarn of which it is made. Turns per inch in the singles and ply usually within the limits of 10 to 20 turns; generally used as warp.
ORIENTAL CARPETS garments, made-ups, assemblies A group of handmade carpets produced in the Orient, especially in Asia, notably, Persia (Iran), Asiatic Turkey, Bokhara, Afghanistan and China. A group of handmade carpets produced in the Orient, especially in Asia, notably, Persia (Iran), Asiatic Turkey, Bokhara, Afghanistan and China. They are woven similar to tapestry or in a pile weave. The number of knots per square inch determines their fineness. Generally made of wool, some of the finest Persians have silk pile.
ORIENTATION processes, operations A combing or attenuating action on fibre assemblies A combing or attenuating action on fibre assemblies causing the fibres to lie substantially parallel to the axis of the web or strand.
ORIFICE apparatus, equipage, tools A tiny, single hole in a spinneret. A tiny, single hole in a spinneret. It is through these fine holes that the spinning solution is formed.
ORIGINAL TWIST fibers, filaments, yarns The twist in a single or plied yarn component of a plied or cabled yarn The twist in a single or plied yarn component of a plied or cabled yarn as the component was before incorporation into the more complex structure.
ORLON fibers, filaments, yarns Trade name for one of the first acrylic fibres. Trade name for one of the first acrylic fibres. Melts at high heat, but does not catch light. Noted for soft hand, absorbency, and warmth without weight, chemical and sunlight resistance. It blends very well with wool and other fibres, and is used extensively in knitwear and dress fabrics.
ORTHOPAEDIC AND SURGICAL FELT fabrics A white soft low density, highly resilient felt. A white soft low density, highly resilient felt.
OSNABURG fabrics A traditional coarse cotton fabric, woven with uneven yarns and often incorporating cotton waste. A traditional coarse cotton fabric, woven with uneven yarns and often incorporating cotton waste. Is plain weave, resembles crash in appearance and is the basic fabric from which Cretonne may be made.
OSSEIN FILAMENTS fibers, filaments, yarns An experimental synthetic fibre obtained from ossein, the chief organic basis of bone tissue which remains as residue after removal of the material that matters. An experimental synthetic fibre obtained from ossein, the chief organic basis of bone tissue which remains as residue after removal of the material that matters. The ossein is related to gelatine. A major weakness of the fibre was its brittleness
OTTOMAN fabrics Heavy fabric with broad, flat crosswise ribs of even size, but some have small ribs. Heavy fabric with broad, flat crosswise ribs of even size, but some have small ribs. Ottoman cords have alternating wide and narrow ribs. Basic yarn used may be silk or wool, but is now more likely to be acetate, viscose, triacetate or cotton. Weft cords are usually cotton yarn covered by the warp yarns. Soft unyielding fabric. Used for plain dresses, coats and curtains. Creases easily across the width of the fabric
OUT-OF-FIT defects See Off-register See Off-register
OUT-OF-REGISTER defects See Off-register. See Off-register.
OUTING FLANNEL fabrics a soft, lightweight, plain or twill weave fabric usually napped on both sides. a soft, lightweight, plain or twill weave fabric usually napped on both sides. Plain or striped. Used often for blazers, cricket trousers, and sleeping garments, etc.
OUTLINE EMBROIDERY processes, operations Needlework in which the design is outlined in colour but not filled in. Needlework in which the design is outlined in colour but not filled in.
OUTSIDE SEAM general A seam formed in which the completed seam allowance is located on the exterior of the object, usually on the face side of the fabric. A seam formed in which the completed seam allowance is located on the exterior of the object, usually on the face side of the fabric. An example of an outside seam is the 'flat-felled seam'. (Com-pare in Inside seam.)
OUTSIDE-LEG LENGTH garments, made-ups, assemblies Garment-related term. Garment-related term. See under Garment sizing system.
OVEDRPLAID fabrics A plaid pattern with one plaid woven over another of the same or different size. A plaid pattern with one plaid woven over another of the same or different size. Also, a plaid design on checked ground
OVEN apparatus, equipage, tools A heat chamber in which textile fabrics or garments are cured or baked. A heat chamber in which textile fabrics or garments are cured or baked. There are two types of curing ovens (a) batch curing oven and (b) continuous conveyor oven
OVEN-DRY WEIGHT general The weight of a textile material determined after drying The weight of a textile material determined after drying by definite prescribed methods, which in-clude oven drying
OVER WAXING processes, operations The operation of waxing a yarn after sizing. The operation of waxing a yarn after sizing.
OVER-END WITHDRAWAL processes, operations The unwinding of yarn from a package The unwinding of yarn from a package generally along the axis of the package.
OVER-RAISED defects Fabric defect. Fabric defect. Excessive surface nap that may or may not be accompanied by damage to the ground structure. It is usually caused by the incorrect setting of the raising machine or irregular feed of the fabric.
OVERALL garments, made-ups, assemblies Workwear usually designed to be worn over every day clothes Workwear usually designed to be worn over every day clothes to give protection to the body and part of the legs of the wearer.
OVERALL CLEANING processes, operations In upholstered furniture, the application of an appropriate cleaning agent to the entire fabric covering In upholstered furniture, the application of an appropriate cleaning agent to the entire fabric covering, accomplished while the upholstery fabric remains attached to the furniture unit.
OVERCAST STITCH general A slating stitch used around cut edges or open parts to prevent ravelling A slating stitch used around cut edges or open parts to prevent ravelling
OVERCHAIN general See Overlock. See Overlock.
OVERCHECK fabrics A pattern in which one check is superimposed upon another of different size or colour. A pattern in which one check is superimposed upon another of different size or colour.
OVERCOATING fabrics Any fabric used for overcoats. Any fabric used for overcoats. Generally medium or heavy woollen or worsted or union fabric.
OVERCUT fibers, filaments, yarns A synthetic staple fibre having a longer than normal length; the length is generally a multiple of 2,3 or more times the normal length. A synthetic staple fibre having a longer than normal length; the length is generally a multiple of 2,3 or more times the normal length. An overcut occurs when the filaments are not cut to the desired length during the process of manufacturing the staple.
OVEREDGE general There are many types of overedge stitches, with varying numbers of needle threads, looper threads and covering threads. There are many types of overedge stitches, with varying numbers of needle threads, looper threads and covering threads. All are basically forms of chain stitch, in which threads pass round the edge of a fabric as well as through it. The fabric edge is trimmed in the sewing machine and the stitch is then formed over the freshly cut edge.
OVEREDGING processes, operations The use of an overedge stitch either by hand or machine to bind an edge so as to avoid fraying. The use of an overedge stitch either by hand or machine to bind an edge so as to avoid fraying. Can also be used as a decoration. Also described as Overlocking
OVERFEED FABRIC fabrics A warp-knitted fabric in which, generally, one warp is fed faster than would be required to form normally shaped loops. A warp-knitted fabric in which, generally, one warp is fed faster than would be required to form normally shaped loops. The excess yarn results in large loops and underlaps which appear as surface pile. The fabric may subsequently be brushed and raised of sueded
OVERHAND processes, operations A way of examining textile materials by viewing horizontally at eye-level. A way of examining textile materials by viewing horizontally at eye-level.
OVERLAP processes, operations In warp-knitting, lateral movement of the guide bars on the beard or hook side of the needles. In warp-knitting, lateral movement of the guide bars on the beard or hook side of the needles. This movement is normally restricted to one needle space.
OVERLAPS defects Bands of yarn found at the ends of a yarn cone or cheese caused by faulty winding. Bands of yarn found at the ends of a yarn cone or cheese caused by faulty winding. They are associated with Winding pattern and Ribboning
OVERLENGTH STAPLE FIBRES fibers, filaments, yarns Man-made staple fibres that are at least 10 % longer than the nominal or average cut length. Man-made staple fibres that are at least 10 % longer than the nominal or average cut length. (Compare to Multiple length staple fibres.)
OVERLOCK general Stitches used to bind edges of fabric to prevent them fraying. Stitches used to bind edges of fabric to prevent them fraying. In knitted garments such stitches are also used to form seams between two or more fabrics. Invariably overlock describes the looped stitch construction formed from two or more threads, although overedge stitches can be achieved with a single chaining thread and with zigzagged lockstitch. Also called Overchain. See also Overedge.
OVERLOCK SEAM general A seam in which two or more edges of fabric are joined together, oversewn and edge-trimmed in one operation A seam in which two or more edges of fabric are joined together, oversewn and edge-trimmed in one operation, with overedge stitches having two or more threads.
OVERLOCKING processes, operations See Overedging. See Overedging.
OVERNIT fabrics See Double Piqué See Double Piqué
OVERPICK LOOM apparatus, equipage, tools A loom on which the picking stick is above the level of the shuttle box. A loom on which the picking stick is above the level of the shuttle box.
OVERPRINT processes, operations A print applied on top of a coloured, piece dyed fabric. A print applied on top of a coloured, piece dyed fabric. Also called Ad-hock.
OVERSHOT fabrics See Float See Float
OVERSPRAYING processes, operations The spraying of staple fibres with a lubricant during blending. The spraying of staple fibres with a lubricant during blending.
OVERSPUN defects A defective yarn that is very irregular because it has been drawn, to too high a count for its quality A defective yarn that is very irregular because it has been drawn, to too high a count for its quality, with resulting over-twist in the thin places and absence of twist in the thick places.
OVERWIDTH defects Fabric defect. Fabric defect. Fabric that has not been finished to the proper width. Extra washing and proper shrinking may bring cloth to proper width, or re-stentering may have to be resorted to.
OXFORD CHAMBRAY fabrics An Oxford woven with coloured yarn-dyed warp and white filling An Oxford woven with coloured yarn-dyed warp and white filling
OXFORD CLOTH fabrics A plain-weave shirting of good quality yarns that has two warp ends weaving as one. A plain-weave shirting of good quality yarns that has two warp ends weaving as one. Soft, somewhat porous cotton shirting fabric given a silk-like lustre finish. Fancy weave effects can be incorporated. Made in plain white or colours, and sometimes also in coloured yarns stripes. Usually inexpensive fabric, but more expensive if mercerised cotton is used. Mainly used for shirts, light suits, dresses.
OXFORD GREY fibers, filaments, yarns A grey colour effect produced by blending white and black fibres. A grey colour effect produced by blending white and black fibres. The percentage of black is usually 80-95 %, so that the cloth produced is dark grey.
OXFORD SHIRTING fabrics A cotton or blended fabric in a basket weave originally made in Oxford A cotton or blended fabric in a basket weave originally made in Oxford, and used for shirts, blouses, and sportswear.
OXIDATION processes, operations A process in which: (a) a chemical element loses electrons; (b) oxygen is added to any chemical formula. A process in which: (a) a chemical element loses electrons; (b) oxygen is added to any chemical formula.
OXIDATION DYES apparatus, equipage, tools In principle, a small molecular weight intermediate is treated under acid oxidation conditions to form a much larger, coloured molecule. In principle, a small molecular weight intermediate is treated under acid oxidation conditions to form a much larger, coloured molecule. These dyes are mostly used as hair and fur dyeing. Except aniline black, the few other oxidation colours formerly employed in textile printing, fell out of gen-eral use on fastness grounds. Oxidation dyes are:
· suitable for cotton, linen, viscose rayon, and cuprammonium rayon fibres.
OXIDISED OIL STAINING processes, operations Staining of textiles caused by oil acquired or applied during processing. Staining of textiles caused by oil acquired or applied during processing. The presence of oxidised oil may cause discoloration and affect the dyeing property of the material. In the manufacture of woollen and worsted yarns, this discoloration is sometimes referred as Gliding, Yellowing, or Bronz-ing.
OXYCELLULOSE fibers, filaments, yarns Cellulose changed chemically by the action of oxidising agents. Cellulose changed chemically by the action of oxidising agents. This produces weak or tender cot-ton.
OXYGEN INDEX (OI) general Also called Limiting oxygen index. Also called Limiting oxygen index. The minimum concentration of oxygen in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen (expressed as a percentage) that will just support flaming combustion of a material under specified test conditions.
OZONE FADING processes, operations An irreversible change in hue that when dyed or printed textiles are exposed to ozone. An irreversible change in hue that when dyed or printed textiles are exposed to ozone. Ozone fading is particularly prevalent under severe conditions of atmospheric pollution. Different from gas fading.

 

Last updated: October 2005 by CBEYOND.
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