| ICE COLOURS |
³ |
See Azoic dyes
and Azoic dyeing. |
See Azoic dyes
and Azoic dyeing. |
| ICELAND WOOL |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
The wool from Iceland
sheep |
The wool from Iceland
sheep, that have an outer covering of long coarse hair
and a fine woolly undergrowth. This undergrowth is used
for sweaters and shawls. |
| IDENTIFICATION
TEST |
processes, operations |
A procedure involved
in determining facts about textiles, such as kind of fibres,
yarns, construction, finish, and colouring. |
A procedure involved
in determining facts about textiles, such as kind of fibres,
yarns, construction, finish, and colouring. Physical,
chemical, microscopical or other techniques may be used. |
| IGNITION |
general |
The initiation
of combustion. |
The initiation
of combustion. |
| IHRAM |
fabrics |
A white cotton
cloth devoid of needlework, worn by pilgrims to Mecca. |
A white cotton
cloth devoid of needlework, worn by pilgrims to Mecca. |
| IKAT DYEING |
processes, operations |
A process of dyeing
originated in Indonesia and Malaysia in which a warp is
dyed to a pattern through the use of resist agent. |
A process of dyeing
originated in Indonesia and Malaysia in which a warp is
dyed to a pattern through the use of resist agent. The
warp is made first in rope form and predetermined sections
are bound tightly to protect that section from the dye.
When the warp is opened out after dyeing, a pattern is
shown on the warp which comes through into the woven fabric
(warp ikat). A variation can be achieved by dyeing the
weft yarn in a similar way (weft ikat) and in some cases
both warp and weft may be treated (double ikat). Careful
control and planning can give interesting and unusual
figured effects in the cloth. The pattern shapes tend
to have soft edges due to some relative movement of the
threads in weaving, and a certain amount of bleeding and
capillary action in the dye process. |
| IKAT FABRIC |
fabrics |
Fabric made from
ikat dyed materials |
Fabric made from
ikat dyed materials |
| ILLUMINATED DISCHARGE |
processes, operations |
See Colour discharge
printing |
See Colour discharge
printing |
| ILLUMINATION |
general, fabrics |
In lighting, the
density or flux of light on a unit area of surface. |
1. In lighting,
the density or flux of light on a unit area of surface.
2. A term used to describe any soft sheet net or tulle.
Mainly used for veils and dresses |
| ILOCANO CLOTH |
fabrics |
A bright coloured,
striped or checked, cotton fabric woven in Philippines |
A bright coloured,
striped or checked, cotton fabric woven in Philippines.
Used mainly for swimwear, active sportswear |
| IMBERLINE STRIPE |
fabrics |
A fabric, woven
in one piece but appearing to be composed of a series
of different strips joined by gold and silk galloon. |
A fabric, woven
in one piece but appearing to be composed of a series
of different strips joined by gold and silk galloon. It
is actually a fabric woven with various coloured and patterned
stripes, sepa-rated by gold stripes. |
| IMBIBITION |
fabrics |
A measure of a
textile material's ability to hold liquid. |
A measure of a
textile material's ability to hold liquid. |
| IMBROCADO |
fabrics |
A silver or gold
trimming fabric. |
A silver or gold
trimming fabric. |
| IMITATION MOCK
GAUZE |
fabrics |
See Perforated
weave. |
See Perforated
weave. |
| IMITATION SILK |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A term occasionally
used in the past for mercerised cotton yarn and rayon. |
A term occasionally
used in the past for mercerised cotton yarn and rayon.
Trade and governmental regulations classify this term
as a misnomer. |
| IMMATURE FIBRE |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
See under Cotton
maturity |
See under Cotton
maturity |
| IMMEDIATE ELASTIC
DEFORMATION |
general |
Recoverable deformation |
Recoverable deformation
which is essentially independent of time, that is, occurring
in (a time approaching) zero time and recoverable (a time
approaching) zero time after removal of the applied force.
See also Delayed deformation. |
| IMMERSION TESTING |
processes, operations |
A measure of the
properties of fibres, yarns or fabrics when saturated
with a liquid. |
A measure of the
properties of fibres, yarns or fabrics when saturated
with a liquid. The test is performed with the sample immersed
in the liquid. |
| IMMUNIZED COTTON |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Cotton that has
been treated to resist ordinary cotton-dyes; the chemical
structure has been converted into an ester of cellulose. |
Cotton that has
been treated to resist ordinary cotton-dyes; the chemical
structure has been converted into an ester of cellulose.
Acetic anhydride is one of the principal agents employed
in the treatment. Immunized cotton responds to dyes suitable
for acetate rayon. |
| IMPACT RESISTANCE |
general |
The resistance
to fracture under the sudden application of an external
force. |
The resistance
to fracture under the sudden application of an external
force. |
| IMPACT TEXTURING |
processes, operations |
See under Texturing. |
See under Texturing. |
| IMPERFECT SELVEDGES |
defects |
Fabric defect. |
Fabric defect.
These include Blaky selvedge, Beaded selvedge, Broken
selvedge, Corded selvedge, Curled selvedge, Cut selvedge,
Damaged selvedge, Dog-legged selvedge, Doubled selvedge,
Drawn selvedge, Folded selvedge, Looped selvedge, Loose
edge, Rolled selvedge, Scalloped selvedge, Slack selvedge,
Tight selvedge, Torn selvedge, etc. |
| IMPERIAL CLOTH |
fabrics |
Coating fabric
of fine worsted in twill weave. |
Coating fabric
of fine worsted in twill weave. Imperial serge is similar,
but softer and looser woven. Both are firm, durable clothes,
usually dyed navy blue, and used for coats, capes, and
if show-erproofed for raincoats. |
| IMPERIAL SATEEN |
fabrics |
A heavily wefted
fabric |
A heavily wefted
fabric based on an eight-end sateen weave with one or
more extra risers added. The weft face may be smooth or
raised. See also Beaverteen and Fustian. |
| IMPREGNATED FABRIC |
fabrics |
A fabric in which
the interstices between the yarns are completely filled
with the impregnating compound |
A fabric in which
the interstices between the yarns are completely filled
with the impregnating compound throughout the thickness
of the material, as distinguished from sized or coated
materials, where these interstices are not completely
filled.
A fabric woven from impregnated yarns, but not impregnated
after weaving, is not an impregnated fabric. |
| IMPREGNATED YARN |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A yarn in which
the interstices are filled with an impregnating compound. |
A yarn in which
the interstices are filled with an impregnating compound. |
| IMPREGNATION |
processes, operations |
The process of
treating a fabric with a functional compound. |
The process of
treating a fabric with a functional compound. |
| IMPRESSION |
processes, operations |
Surface unevenness
developed during pressing |
Surface unevenness
developed during pressing, usually around areas of extra
thickness, such as pockets and seams |
| IMPRESSION MARK |
defects |
See Emboss mark. |
See Emboss mark. |
| IN THE GRAY |
fabrics |
See Grey. |
See Grey. |
| IN THE GREASE |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Wool as it is shorn
from the sheep; contains grease and other impurities. |
Wool as it is shorn
from the sheep; contains grease and other impurities. |
| IN THE GUM |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A natural, raw
silk |
A natural, raw
silk which is stiff and dull before the gum covering is
removed by degumming. |
| INCHES PER RACK |
general |
Also called IPR.
In warp knitting, the length of fabric in one rack measured
on the machine under operating take-up tension. |
Also called IPR.
In warp knitting, the length of fabric in one rack measured
on the machine under operating take-up tension. The phrase
'inches per rack' is recommended for use in place of the
word 'quality', previously used for this concept. |
| INDANTHRENE |
³ |
An original vat
dye; identified by high colourfastness. |
An original vat
dye; identified by high colourfastness. |
| INDIA BLANKET |
garments, made-ups,
assemblies |
All-wool, or woollen
filling blankets woven with characteristic American Indian
designs |
All-wool, or woollen
filling blankets woven with characteristic American Indian
designs. The genuine Indian handmade blanket is more of
a rug than a blanket. Today most Indian blankets are power
loom woven. |
| INDIA CHINTZ |
fabrics |
A heavy, strong
chintz with large patterns used for upholstery. |
A heavy, strong
chintz with large patterns used for upholstery. |
| INDIA PRINT |
fabrics |
Cotton fabric printed
with the characteristic native patterns in form and content |
Cotton fabric printed
with the characteristic native patterns in form and content,
usually hand blocked in glowing oriental colours. |
| INDIA TAPE |
accessories |
A plain weave,
narrow fabric, made from cotton |
A plain weave,
narrow fabric, made from cotton using plied yarn as warp
and single yarn in double pick weft. |
| INDIAN ABUTILON |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A fine lustrous
white fibre, yielded from Abutilon graveolens, found in
South Asia and India, where it is abundant. |
A fine lustrous
white fibre, yielded from Abutilon graveolens, found in
South Asia and India, where it is abundant. Not used commercially,
but considered to have a potential as a textile material. |
| INDIAN COTTON |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A type of cotton
fibre. |
A type of cotton
fibre. Average fibre length 15-20 mm.; usually used only
for coarse counts. |
| INDIAN CRÊPE |
fabrics |
A cotton crêpe
of rough unfinished appearance, used for blouses, men's
shirts. |
A cotton crêpe
of rough unfinished appearance, used for blouses, men's
shirts. |
| INDIAN DHURRIE |
fabrics |
Se Dhurrie |
Se Dhurrie |
| INDIAN EMBROIDERY |
processes, operations |
Needlework done
by natives of India in characteristic oriental design. |
Needlework done
by natives of India in characteristic oriental design.
Cloth embroidery, chain-stitch embroidery, quilting and
cashmere work are included in this type of needlework. |
| INDIAN SILK |
fabrics |
Hand-loomed silk
fabric, not necessarily always made in India. |
Hand-loomed silk
fabric, not necessarily always made in India. Has a slightly
wrinkled impressed appearance, but it is crisp. Made in
plain colors. Used for saris, evening wear and some furnishing
items such as cushion covers. |
| INDIGO |
³ |
Originally a natural
dyestuff extracted from the stems and leaves of Indigofera
tinctoria and Indigofera anil and woad plants. |
Originally a natural
dyestuff extracted from the stems and leaves of Indigofera
tinctoria and Indigofera anil and woad plants. A fast,
blue colour dye, it was used for dyeing of cotton, wool
and silk.
Development of synthetic indigo from coal tar products
and other hydrocarbon sources has made the use of natural
indigo almost obsolete. Vat dyes in big volume go into
the dyeing of blue denim for work cloths. See also Vat
dyes. |
| INDIGOTIN |
³ |
The basic colouring
substance of indigo. |
The basic colouring
substance of indigo. Synthetic or artificial indigo is
almost pure indigotin. |
| INDIRECT WARPING |
processes, operations |
The transference
of yarn from a package creel |
The transference
of yarn from a package creel onto a swift from which it
is subsequently wound onto a beam. |
| INDIRECT YARN NUMBERING
SYSTEM |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A system that expresses
yarn number in length per unit mass or the reciprocal
of linear density. |
A system that expresses
yarn number in length per unit mass or the reciprocal
of linear density. |
| INDUSTRIAL CONSUMER |
general |
See under Consumer |
See under Consumer |
| INDUSTRIAL NYLON |
fabrics |
Heavy-duty plain-weave
nylon fabric made in a limited range of colors |
Heavy-duty plain-weave
nylon fabric made in a limited range of colors. Is fairly
stiff and does not crease. Used for overalls and protective
clothing, but is also useful for the bags of men's trouser
pockets, as it is extremely hardwearing. |
| INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES |
fabrics |
Textile materials
and products intended for end-uses |
1. Textile materials
and products intended for end-uses other than clothing,
household, furnishing and floor covering, where the fabric
or fibrous component is selected principally (but not
exclu-sively) for its performance and properties as opposed
to its aesthetic or decorative characteristics.
2. A category of technical textiles used either as part
of an industrial process, or incorporated into final products. |
| INDUSTRIAL WIPING
CLOTH |
fabrics |
An absorbent fabric |
An absorbent fabric
made for use in cleaning machinery or for other industrial
and commercial use. |
| INDUSTRIAL YARN |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A yarn composed
of continuous filaments, usually of high breaking tenacity |
A yarn composed
of continuous filaments, usually of high breaking tenacity,
produced with or without twist, and intended for applications
in which functional properties are of primary importance;
for example in reinforcing material in elastomeric products
(tyres, hose, belting), in protective coverings, and in
cordage and webbing etc |
| INDUSTRY PRODUCTS |
garments, made-ups,
assemblies |
Products such as
furniture, pillows, comforters, sleeping bags, and wearing
apparel |
Products such as
furniture, pillows, comforters, sleeping bags, and wearing
apparel which are wholly or partially filled with feathers
or down intended for use in the manufacture of such prod-ucts. |
| INFLAMMABLE TEXTLE |
general |
Use preferred term
Flammable textile. |
Use preferred term
Flammable textile. |
| INFORMATIVE LABEL |
general |
Factual information
about the goods or garment |
Factual information
about the goods or garment (such as fibre content, construction,
performance and care) presented to the buyer on hang-tag
or woven or printed label. |
| INFRARED RADIATION |
general |
Radiant energy |
Radiant energy
for which the wavelengths of the monochromatic components
are greater than those for visible radiation and less
than about 1 mm. |
| INGRAIN CARPET |
garments, made-ups,
assemblies |
A reversible coarse
carpeting woven on a jacquard loom accommodating up to
six coloured weft threads. |
A reversible coarse
carpeting woven on a jacquard loom accommodating up to
six coloured weft threads. It may be two-ply Kidderminister
carpet or three-ply Scotch carpet.. |
| INGRAIN DYE |
³ |
A colourant, which
is formed, in situ, in the substrate by the development
and coupling of one or more intermediate compounds. |
A colourant, which
is formed, in situ, in the substrate by the development
and coupling of one or more intermediate compounds. The
term was originally used for colorants obtained from oxidation
bases and by azoic techniques, but is now reserved for
other types of colorant formed in situ, e.g. In-grain
dyes bearing the Alcian and Phthalogen trade marks. These
are limited ranges noted for particularly for their unique
turquoise colour, provided by the remarkably stable copper
phthlocyanine chromophore. See Onium dye. |
| INGRAIN YARN |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Yarn, spun from
a mixture of fibres of different colours |
1. Yarn, spun from
a mixture of fibres of different colours, where the mixing
of coloured fibres is carried out at an early stage. See
also Colour terms and Worsted.
2. Filament yarn, composed of filaments of different colours,
the ingrain effect being produced by the random exposure
of the differently coloured filaments at the yarn surface. |
| INHERENT FLAME-RESISTANCE |
general |
Flame resistance
that derives from an essential characteristic of the fibre |
Flame resistance
that derives from an essential characteristic of the fibre
from which the textile is made. (Compare Flame resistance.) |
| INHERENTLY FLAME-RESISTANT |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Fibre inherently
having the property of flame-resistance. |
Fibre inherently
having the property of flame-resistance. |
| INHIBITOR |
³ |
Usually refers
to chemical agent applied to fabric, especially of acetate,
to inhibit gas fading. |
Usually refers
to chemical agent applied to fabric, especially of acetate,
to inhibit gas fading. |
| INKING |
processes, operations |
A process of dyeing
or touching up spots in a fabric |
A process of dyeing
or touching up spots in a fabric which otherwise would
be a defect. See Speck dyeing. |
| INKLE |
accessories |
An old term for
narrow fabric. |
An old term for
narrow fabric. |
| INKLE LOOM |
apparatus, equipage,
tools |
A simple form of
narrow hand loom. |
A simple form of
narrow hand loom. It consists of a frame with pegs which
hold a characteristically narrow continuous warp, a simple
device for making two sheds, and an adjustable peg to
control warp tension. |
| INLAY |
garments, made-ups,
assemblies |
An extra seam allowance
inside the garment |
An extra seam allowance
inside the garment, for letting out if required, or for
strength at a given position. |
| INLAY PRINTING |
processes, operations |
Embossing and printing
are combined in this process. |
Embossing and printing
are combined in this process. The embossed fabric is printed
in the depressions in the fabric. Also see Embo printing |
| INORGANIC FIBRE |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Fibre spun from
inorganic material, |
Fibre spun from
inorganic material, e.g. Aluminium silicate is an inorganic
material and fibres spun from it are inorganic fibres |
| INSECT RESISTANCE |
general |
The capability
to impede damage by insects. |
The capability
to impede damage by insects. |
| INSECT SCREENING |
fabrics |
A woven netting
fabric of coated glass yarn |
A woven netting
fabric of coated glass yarn having a mesh size of 12 by
12 or greater. |
| INSERTED SEAM |
seams, stitches |
A seam in which
a single or number of layers of fabric is inserted between
two others which are turned in. |
A seam in which
a single or number of layers of fabric is inserted between
two others which are turned in. The complete assembly
is sewn in one operation. Layer |
| INSERTED SELVEDGE |
garments, made-ups,
assemblies |
See under Selvedge. |
See under Selvedge. |
| INSERTION |
fabrics, accessories |
Lace, embroidey
or other needlework |
Lace, embroidey
or other needlework inserted and sewn between two cut
edges of fabric for ornamental purposes. See also Insertion
lace. |
| INSERTION BANDED
LACES |
accessories |
See under Banded
laces. |
See under Banded
laces. |
| INSERTION BRAID |
accessories |
A piping made by
a braiding machine |
A piping made by
a braiding machine which produces a flat and tubular braid
on combination. |
| INSERTION LACE |
fabrics |
Usually narrow
and often with slits for threading ribbon through |
Usually narrow
and often with slits for threading ribbon through, but
it always has two straight edges. It is inserted as decoration,
and the backing fabric is usually cut away afterwards. |
| INSIDE SEAM |
seams, stitches |
A seam formed in
which the completed seam allowance is located on the interior
of the object, usually on the backside of the fabric |
A seam formed in
which the completed seam allowance is located on the interior
of the object, usually on the backside of the fabric.
Examples of inside seams include Double-welt seam, French
seam, 'lapped seams', 'mock French seams', 'slot seams',
'tucked seams', and 'welt seams'. (Compare Outside seam.) |
| INSIDE-LEG LENGTH |
garments, made-ups,
assemblies |
Garment-related
term. |
Garment-related
term. See under Garment sizing system. |
| INSOLUBLE SOIL |
defects |
Impurity or contamination,
especially carbon particles, that may become embedded
in the fibres. |
Impurity or contamination,
especially carbon particles, that may become embedded
in the fibres. Such impurities are almost impossible to
remove in dry cleaning. See also Solvent insoluble soil. |
| INSOLUBLIZING |
processes, operations |
A process referring
to the coupling of dyes |
A process referring
to the coupling of dyes, e.g. mordant, to make man-made
fibres resistant to or insoluble to leaching. |
| INSPECTION |
processes, operations |
Activity such as
measuring, examining, testing, gauging one or more characteristics
of a product or service |
Activity such as
measuring, examining, testing, gauging one or more characteristics
of a product or service and comparing these with specified
requirements to determine conformity. |
| INSTITUTIONAL CONSUMER |
general |
See under Consumer. |
See under Consumer. |
| INSTRON TENSILE
TESTER |
apparatus, equipage,
tools |
An electronic testing
equipment for a broad range of materials under varied
testing conditions. |
An electronic testing
equipment for a broad range of materials under varied
testing conditions. It is used to measure and chart load
elongation properties of fibres, yarns, fabrics, webbings,
etc. It is also used to measure compression and tear-resistance. |
| INSULATING TAPE |
accessories |
A narrow fabric
used in the manufacture of electrical equipment. |
A narrow fabric
used in the manufacture of electrical equipment. |
| INSULATION FINISH |
processes, operations |
Curtain and lining
fabrics can have fine metallic powder bonded to the surface. |
Curtain and lining
fabrics can have fine metallic powder bonded to the surface.
In the summer, heat from the sun is reflected away from
the room or body; in the winter loss of heat to the outside
is pre-vented |
| INSULATION TAPE |
fabrics |
A woven fabric,
impregnated with a non-conducting adhesive |
A woven fabric,
impregnated with a non-conducting adhesive, which is then
cut into strips. |
| INTAGLIO |
apparatus, equipage,
tools |
In printing, a
design or line cut into a surface of printing cylinder |
In printing, a
design or line cut into a surface of printing cylinder
so as to form a hollow or indent. |
| INTANGLIO |
apparatus, equipage,
tools, fabrics |
Engraving in which
design to be printed is cut below surface of printing
cylinder. |
1. Engraving in
which design to be printed is cut below surface of printing
cylinder.
2. Also prints made from such rolls. |
| INTARSIA |
fabrics, accessories |
A knitted fabric
in which there are solid areas of colour patterning. |
1. A knitted fabric
in which there are solid areas of colour patterning. The
characteristic of such ar-eas is that they consist only
of the yarn forming them; no other colored yarn passes
either through them or behind them. Joins between the
areas of color are formed either by entwining the sinker
loops of adjacent areas or by plating adjacent area loops.
2. A motif design in stitch and/or colour. |
| INTEGRAL GARMENT |
garments, made-ups,
assemblies |
All knitted garments
are classified into four classes according to general
production methods; Fully cut, Stitch shaped cut, Fully
fashioned and Integral. |
All knitted garments
are classified into four classes according to general
production methods; Fully cut, Stitch shaped cut, Fully
fashioned and Integral.
Integral garments (also known as 'Integrally knitted garments')
is weft knitted garments, so con-structed, that they require
little or no cutting, and little or no seaming operations
to finish them.
Integrally knitted garments are those that are essentially
knitted in one piece with little or no seam. The archetypal
example is the beret, which is knitted sequentially in
a series of triangles, leaving the beginning and the end
to be joined into a three dimensional shape. This principle
has also been used to make skirts and jumpers and is used
to produce a large proportion of ladies and gents millinery.
Another integral garment using a combination of tubular
knitting and shaping is the men's sock or half hose. To
shape the heel and toe of a sock, pouches are formed from
extra rows of knitting.
The third common type of integral garment consists principally
of joined tubes - the glove. Tubes are constructed for
each of the digits, sometimes with shaped tips, and merge
together into the palm portion, (also a tube). With some
latest model machines, it is now possible to knit such
gloves, fully automatically with no subsequent making
up procedures.
The general production sequence of integral garment (e.g.
Half hose) is:
Knit half hose
Seam toes
Wet finish, scour, dye
Examine and mend
Finish press
Developmental work is fast progressing on integral garment
manufacturing of upper body outerwear apparels too. The
main advantages of integral concepts are savings in both
raw material and labour costs at the expense of lower
machine output. The electronic V-bed knitting machines
in their pres-ent state of development, with presser foot
or holding sinkers, are easily capable of producing gar-ments
in all the garment categories. |
| INTEGRAL KNITTED
GARMENTS |
garments, made-ups,
assemblies |
See Integral garments |
See Integral garments |
| INTEGRATED MILL |
general |
A textile mill
which has a complete series of operations to produce fabric
from the fibrous raw material. |
A textile mill
which has a complete series of operations to produce fabric
from the fibrous raw material. |
| INTEGUMENT |
general |
In sericulture,
refers to the covering of the silkworm's body. |
In sericulture,
refers to the covering of the silkworm's body. |
| INTERCHANGING DOUBLE
CLOTH |
fabrics |
See under Double
cloth. |
See under Double
cloth. |
| INTERFACING |
fabrics |
Woven or non-woven
fabrics used to give body to certain areas of a garment. |
Woven or non-woven
fabrics used to give body to certain areas of a garment.
It adds to the outward appearance of the garment if some
areas are reinforced, e.g. collars, buttoned openings,
cuffs, pocket flaps, and this structuring also makes the
garment last longer. Interfacing has always been a vital
and integral part of tailoring, but until comparatively
recently was regarded as less important in dressmaking.
Now, however, a very wide range of types and weights of
interfacing is available, so it is not difficult to interface
correctly and improve the garment. Choice depends entirely
on the fabric being sewn. In general, the interfacing
used in dressmaking should be lighter and softer than
the fab-ric, otherwise the interfacing will take over
and make the area where it is used to appear different.
See Non-woven canvas, Woven canvas, Iron-on canvas. |
| INTERLACED YARN |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
See Intermingled
yarn. |
See Intermingled
yarn. |
| INTERLINING |
accessories |
Any textile which
is intended for incorporation into an article of wearing
apparel |
Any textile which
is intended for incorporation into an article of wearing
apparel as a layer between an outer shell and the ordinary
inner lining, for shape retention, strength, warmth or
bulk. |
| INTERLOCK |
fabrics |
A double-faced
rib-based structure consisting of two 1x1 rib fabrics
joined by interlocking sinker loops, it is made on machines
equipped with two sets of opposed needles |
A double-faced
rib-based structure consisting of two 1x1 rib fabrics
joined by interlocking sinker loops, it is made on machines
equipped with two sets of opposed needles. Originally
knitted from cotton and used for underwear, but now is
knitted from various materials and used for a variety
of purposes, including outerwear. |
| INTERLOCK GAITING |
processes, operations |
See under Gating. |
See under Gating. |
| INTERLOCK STITCHES |
seams, stitches |
A versatile group
of stitch types forming flat seams. |
A versatile group
of stitch types forming flat seams. Two to four needle
thread chain stitching in a parallel formation is joined
together on one side of the fabric by interlooping with
a single thread. The other side of the stitching may also
be joined by one or more threads known as covering threads.
The classification of such seams is confused, in that
they fall into two groups within the BS/ISO system. Same
as Multithread chain stitches, Covering stitches. |
| INTERMEDIATE COTTONS |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
An intermediate
classification for cotton staple between short and long
staple (actually overlapped by both). |
An intermediate
classification for cotton staple between short and long
staple (actually overlapped by both). Staple lengths of
intermediates range from 1.27 to 3.33 cm. |
| INTERMEDIATES |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
See Yarn intermediates. |
See Yarn intermediates. |
| INTERMINGLED YARN |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Sometimes called
Interlaced yarn. A multifilament yarn in which cohesion
is imparted to the filament bundle by entwining the filaments
instead of or in addition to twisting. |
Sometimes called
Interlaced yarn. A multifilament yarn in which cohesion
is imparted to the filament bundle by entwining the filaments
instead of or in addition to twisting. The effect is usually
achieved by passing the yarn under light tension through
the turbulent zone of an air-jet.
Intermingling should be distinguished from air-texturing
in which a much higher level of entangle-ment is achieved
with the objective of producing texture or bulk. |
| INTERMINGLING JET |
apparatus, equipage,
tools |
An air-operated
device used as an ancillary to some processes of yarn
extrusion, of drawing and of texturing |
An air-operated
device used as an ancillary to some processes of yarn
extrusion, of drawing and of texturing to induce intermingling
of filaments and hence yarn coherence. See also Intermingled
yarn |
| INTERNATIONAL FIBRE
DESCRIPTION |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
See Table: 'International
fabric description'. |
See Table: 'International
fabric description'. |
| INTERNATIONAL UNIT
SYSTEM (SI) |
general |
To simplify international
co-operation in all sectors of industry and commerce,
the SI unit system (SI = Systeme International d' Unites)
was established. |
To simplify international
co-operation in all sectors of industry and commerce,
the SI unit system (SI = Systeme International d' Unites)
was established. The SI is a rationalized selection of
units in the metric system which individually are not
new and all other units are derived from them. Few changes
were necessary for countries that use the metric system,
nevertheless some changes were necessary to comply to
the international agreed usage of SI. The international
system is based on 7 base units. All other units are derived
from these units. Conversion factors are 1 or decimal
multiples and sub-multiples of 10. A system of prefixes
denoting decimal multiples and sub-multiples of the base
units has been established. See Tables: 'International
unit system (SI) Base units and Derived units', and 'Table
of SI units used in the textile industry' |
| INTERNATIONALGREYSCALE |
apparatus, equipage,
tools |
A comparative standard)
scale used to rate degrees of colour |
A comparative standard)
scale used to rate degrees of colour fading from 5 (negligible
or no-change) to 1 (severe change). |
| INTERWEOVEN YARN |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Same as Interlaced
yarn |
Same as Interlaced
yarn |
| INTIMATE BLEND |
processes, operations |
Combining two or
more different fibre types |
Combining two or
more different fibre types into a uniform mixture before
the single yarn is spun. |
| INTRINSIC CLO |
general |
See Clo. |
See Clo. |
| INTURNED WELT |
garments, made-ups,
assemblies |
See under Welt. |
See under Welt. |
| INVISIBLE WASTE |
general |
Weight loss due
to dust, moisture, loose fibres, etc., carried away by
the air. |
Weight loss due
to dust, moisture, loose fibres, etc., carried away by
the air. |
| INVOICE MASS |
general |
The mass, however
determined, of a consignment of a textile material |
The mass, however
determined, of a consignment of a textile material, which
is declared on the invoice. It is usually numerically
equivalent to the commercial mass |
| INWROUGHT |
fabrics |
A decoration, design
or pattern worked into a fabric so as to be a part of
the cloth |
A decoration, design
or pattern worked into a fabric so as to be a part of
the cloth, e.g. Tapestry, Brocade, Damask, Brocatelle. |
| IONOMER |
general |
A polymer characterized
by covalent bonds |
A polymer characterized
by covalent bonds between the constituents of the long
chain molecules and ionic bonds between the chains. |
| IPR |
general |
See Inches per
rack |
See Inches per
rack |
| IRIDESCENT EFFECT |
fabrics |
See Inches per
rack |
See Inches per
rack |
| IRIDESCENT FABRIC |
fabrics |
A fabric with changeable
colour or shot effects. |
A fabric with changeable
colour or shot effects. May be the result of dye, finish
or weave. |
| IRISH FINISH |
fabrics |
A finish given
to cotton fabric to imitate linen. |
A finish given
to cotton fabric to imitate linen. |
| IRISH LACE |
fabrics |
Term to describe
a heavy crochet lace with looped edges. |
Term to describe
a heavy crochet lace with looped edges. Made in Ireland;
Carrickmacross and Limerick are two places of origin.
See also Limerick lace. |
| IRISH LAWN |
fabrics |
A lawn fabric produced
from fine linen yarns. |
A lawn fabric produced
from fine linen yarns. |
| IRISH LINEN |
fibers, filaments,
yarns, fabrics |
YARN. 100 % flax
yarn spun in Ireland |
1. YARN. 100 %
flax yarn spun in Ireland.
2. FABRIC. Fine quality linen fabric woven in Ireland
from Irish linen yarn. Used for handkerchiefs and table
linen; coarser grades used for tea towels and glass clothes. |
| IRISH POPLIN |
fabrics |
A poplin made from
a dyed pure silk organzine warp and a three-fold genapped
fine worsted weft. |
A poplin made from
a dyed pure silk organzine warp and a three-fold genapped
fine worsted weft. It is a silk-face and silk-back fabric,
the weft being completely covered by the warp. The fabric
is usually hand-woven and is frequently given a moiré
finish. |
| IRISH TWEED |
fabrics |
White warp and
dark shade weft of blue, grey, brown, or black feature
this popular, rugged menswear fabric |
White warp and
dark shade weft of blue, grey, brown, or black feature
this popular, rugged menswear fabric. Used for suiting
and coating. |
| IRON LIQUOR |
³ |
See Acetate of
iron. |
See Acetate of
iron. |
| IRON YARN |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A smooth, stiff,
cotton yarn which has been starched and glazed |
A smooth, stiff,
cotton yarn which has been starched and glazed. Generally
either white or black; mainly used for linings and hat
shapes. |
| IRON-ON CANVAS
INTERFACINGS |
accessories |
An iron-on woven
canvas does not give the shaping advantages of the sew-in
varieties. |
An iron-on woven
canvas does not give the shaping advantages of the sew-in
varieties. However, it is quick to use and is effective
on flat areas such as coat fronts, pocket flaps, hemlines
(where added body is needed.), etc. Selection to be according
to the weight of fabric being used:
1. A thick, soft canvas made from a mixture of linen and
cotton
2. A very soft cotton canvas that would be suitable for
the lightweight clothes used for women's coats and jackets. |
| IRON-ON COTTON |
accessories |
Soft cotton fabric,
almost like muslin, with adhesive granules on the wrong
side |
Soft cotton fabric,
almost like muslin, with adhesive granules on the wrong
side. It would add slight stiffness to soft fabrics. Not
cheap. |
| IRONING |
processes, operations |
A method of pressing
using a heated hand iron |
A method of pressing
using a heated hand iron, sometimes together with moisture
or steam, and a gliding motion. See also Pressing. |
| IRONING + PRESSING
OF TEXTILE |
processes, operations |
A process carried
out on a textile article to restore its shape and appearance |
A process carried
out on a textile article to restore its shape and appearance,
by means of an appro-priate appliance using heat and pressure |
| IRONPROOFING |
processes, operations |
A treatment with
caustic soda given to certain acetate fabrics. |
A treatment with
caustic soda given to certain acetate fabrics. By saponifying
the surface of the cloth, the material becomes more resistant
to damage from high temperatures of pressing irons. See
Saponification. |
| IRREGULAR SATIN
WEAVE |
fabrics |
A variation of
the satin weave |
A variation of
the satin weave in which the interlacings are not on the
regular arrangement of the normal satin weave |
| IRREGULARS |
defects |
Any article such
as hosiery, sheets, and towels, which contains slight
imperfections |
Any article such
as hosiery, sheets, and towels, which contains slight
imperfections that prevent it from being classed as first
quality. |
| IRRIGATED COTTON |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Cotton produced
in the arid areas by irrigation. |
Cotton produced
in the arid areas by irrigation. The physical properties
are different from rain grown cottons of the same variety,
which may affect dyeing properties. |
| ISLANDS IN THE
SEA |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
See under Bicomponent
fibres. |
See under Bicomponent
fibres. |
| ITALIAN HEMSTITCHING |
seams, stitches |
A drawn fabric
stitch worked with alternating vertical and horizontal
stitches. |
1. A drawn fabric
stitch worked with alternating vertical and horizontal
stitches. A line is formed similar to the blanketstitch,
but with openwork effect. May be used like machine hemstitching
to finish seams on sheer cloths to give a flat, strong,
decorative effect.
2.A stitch used for embroidering linen or other fabrics
with counted threads for making lines or for filling. |
| ITALIAN SILK |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Raw silk of good
grade |
Raw silk of good
grade. It is strong, elastic, easily processed and has
no imperfections. The boiled-off percentage is high. Used
for dresses, knit goods, high quality hosiery, underwear
and tricot. |
ITARSI
ITARSI |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A term used for
Sunn. |
A term used for
Sunn. |
