| Habergeon |
A medieval jacket of mail shorter than a hauberk; hauberk
|
| Habiliments |
The dress characteristic of an occupation or occasion |
| Habit |
A costume characteristic of a calling, rank, or function; a costume worn for horseback riding.In the 17th century it meant for men the suit of clothes all in the same cloth or colour. The court habit in the 17th and 18th centuries meant men's clothes, and the grand habit women's, worn only at court and at festivities where the court was present.
|
| Habit Fabric |
A good quality woollen, medium-weight suiting material with a dress face finish. Usually in dark colours and used for suits and winter-weight dresses. Term applied widely to a range of costume fabrics. |
| Habotai |
A lightweight silk fabric commonly used for linings, hangings, and underwear. . |
| Habutai |
Term means 'soft and light' - and was originally used for Japanese waste silk. Fabric is now made in many Far Eastern countries on power looms in plain or twill weave; is heavier than traditional Chinese silk, and is usually in natural ècru colour. Used for men's jackets, women's shirtwaisters and skirts.
Lighter than shantung but heavier than silk.Lining material. There is a cheap Silk habutai, which is excellent as a soft, lightweight, lining fabric for evening dresses, wedding-dresses, etc., especially for those who find synthetic lining uncomfortable to wear. Not to be confused with the thicker fabric.
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| Hackling |
A combing process in the preparation of flax, designed to separate and straighten the fibres and remove tow. A process in which stricks of scutched flax are combed from end to end, both to remove short fibre, naps (or neps), and non-fibrous material, and to sub-divide and parallelize the fibre strands.
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| Haik |
A voluminous piece of usually white cloth worn as an outer garment in northern Africa
|
| Hair |
Animal fibre other than sheep's wool or silk. Note: It is recognized that this definition implies a distinction between sheep's wool and the covering of other animals, notwithstanding the similarity in their fibre characteristics. Thus the crimped form and the scaly surface are not confined to sheep's wool. It seems desirable in the textile industry, however, to avoid ambiguity by confining the term wool to the covering or sheep and to have available a general term for other fibres of animal origin. Normally the less widely used fibres are known by name e.g., Alpaca, Mohair, etc, but collectively they should be classed as hair. A difficulty arises when it is desired to distinguish between the fibres of the undercoat and the remainder of the fleece; for instance, between the soft short camel hair used for blankets and the coarse long camel hair used for belting. The term wool is sometimes used for the shorter fibre, qualified by the name of the animal, e.g., Cashmere wool.
|
| Hair Canvas |
Woven interfacing material in various weights. Coarse goat hair combined with wool, cotton or rayon is used in the filling. Used in coats and jackets made from suitings and coatings. There are several types of hair canvases to choose from, according to the weight of the fabric being used. Some of the more popular types are: (a) cotton canvas, fairly stiff, 45% cotton with hair, (b) softer and better quality canvas made from wool, viscose and hair used for expensive coatings and suitings, (c) canvas made from a heavier yarn and hair, used for coat-weight fabrics, (d) grey canvas with a thin white stripe, made from viscose, goat hair and polyester yarn, in different weights, which is more costlier than all the above and (e) stiff grey canvas of leno weave construction, made of cotton, viscose and goat hair, used as coating fabric.) |
| Hair Cloth |
1 .A fabric in which the weft consists of single fibres of horsehair, obtained from tails and manes and woven on a special loom which is capable of inserting picks of the discontinuous fibres. The horse hair may be dyed. The woven structure, which usually has a cotton warp, varies according to the end-use, e.g. interlinings, finishing fabrics, sieve and press cloths.
2.A fabric made of cotton, polyester, linen or other fibres with which horsehair has been mixed to take it strong and inflexible. Used in upholstery and also as a chest canvas in tailoring.
|
| Haircord |
A plain-woven cotton fabric; characterized by fine rib lines in the warp direction created by alternate coarse and fine ends, or by having two (or more) ends weaving as one alternately with a single end. These fabrics are produced piece dyed colours and in prints.
|
| Haircord Carpet |
A cord carpet in which the pile is 100% hair. |
| Hairline |
A fabric with a hairline design, namely a textile design consisting of lengthwise or crosswise lines usually one thread wide. |
| Hairline Stripe |
A fine hair-like narrow striped colour effect, produced either by weaving a single yarn of contrasting colour, or by printing either lengthways (warp hairline) or crosswise (weft hairline) in a fabric. |
| Hair Nets |
A net or mesh made of real hair, silk or nylon. Used as head covering.
A shirt made of rough animal hair worn next to the skin as a penance.
It is usually expressed by H. This is numerically equivalent to millitex.
|
| Hairy |
Refers to fabrics with a lot of protruding fibres on the surface.
Refers to fabrics with a lot of protruding fibers on the surface.
Fabric defect. A fibrous appearance in a fabric made from continuous filament yarn, which may be localized or general and is caused by damage to individual filaments.
|
| Halcing |
1.The operation of looping the external yarn and around a cop or bobbin to facilitate retrieval.
2. See under Leasing
|
| Half-bleach Finish |
A linen fabric, which is partially bleached, as distinguished from Full bleach finish.
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| Half Blood |
See under Blood
|
| Half Boot |
A boot with a top reaching above the ankle and ending below the knee
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| Half Cardigan |
A knit fabric having a variation of a 1x1 rib stitch with knitting & tucking in alternate courses on one set of needles. The construction on the back is the reverse of the face. Also called royal rib.
A variation of a 1x1 rib stitch with knitting and tucking in alternate courses on one set of needles. The construction on the back is the reverse of the face.
|
| Half Cardigan Rib |
A 1x1 rib fabric in which the wales on one side consist wholly of knitted loops and the wales on the opposite side consist of a held loop and a tuck loop. |
| Half Cardigan Rib Royal Rib |
A 1 x 1 rib fabric in which the wales on one side consist wholly of knitted loops and the wales on the opposite side consist of a held loop and a tuck loop. |
| Half Cloth |
A term sometimes used to describe a fabric made of wool and cotton.
|
| Half Damask |
A damask fabric made with silk warp and cotton or wool weft. |
| Half-drop |
Synonym: STEP-HALF |
| Half-gauging |
The removing of alternate needles from a knitting machine either physically or by selection, to coarsen the gauge or to enable certain loop manipulations to take place. |
| Half-hose |
A leg covering garment, ending at mid calf. |
| Half-marl |
See under Worsted.
|
| Half-marl Yarn |
A yarn which has been produced from a roving of one end of mixture shade or solid colour, twisted with one end of two colours (as in single marl).
|
| Half-milano Rib |
A weft-knitted rib-based fabric, consisting of (a) one row of 1x1 rib and (b) one row of plain knitting made on either set of needles. The appearance and characteristics of the fabric are related to the ratio of the course lengths of (a) and (b). |
| Half-point Transfer |
See Knotted stitch, Spread loop
|
| Half Resist |
A partial resist printing. The shade is a weaker variation of the shade produced in sections having no resist treatment. . |
| Half-round Ruche |
See under Cauliflower ruche |
| Half Slip /td>
| A topless slip with an elasticised waistband |
| Half Stitch |
Loose, open stitches used in pillow laces.
|
| Halftone |
A uniform series of dots that give the appearance of a lighter shade of a solid colour. The number of dots-per-inch is called the line count or frequency. The amount of coverage is determined by the percentage of dots. |
| Half-tone Effect |
In printing, a gradual shading from light to dark in the same colour. /td>
|
| Halo |
See Sweal mark |
| Halter |
A woman's blouse that leaves the back, arms, and midriff bare and that is typically held in place by straps around the neck and across the back |
| Halter Top |
A sleeveless bodice with a high choke or wrap neck that may be backless. |
| Hammered Satin |
A satin fabric with an all over surface texture that looks like hammered metal.
|
| Hammered Satin |
A satin fabric with an allover surface texture that looks like hammered metal.
|
| Hand |
The softness of a fabric as judged by feeling it with your hand.
The quality of a fabric or yarn based on roughness, smoothness, thickness, pliability or stretch-ability. Also a term for the way a paint feels to the hand of fabric. Thick paints can have a "heavy hand" and thin paints can have a "light hand". Paints with less "hand" are more desirable. The way the fabric feels when it is touched. Terms like softness, crispness, dryness, silkiness are all terms that describe the hand of the fabric.
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| Handle |
The reaction of the sense of touch, when fabrics are held in the hand. There are many factors which give "character or individuality" to a material observed through handling. A judgment may thus be made concerning its capabilities in content, working properties, drapability, feel, elasticity, fineness and softness, launderability, etc.
The way a fabric feels. This is a very subjective judgment of the feel of a fabric and it should help decide if a fabric is suitable for a specific end use. Hand may be crisp, soft, drapeable, smooth, springy, stiff, cool, warm, rough, hard, limp, soapy.
Finishing and garment wash affect the final handle of a fabric.
|
| Handbag |
A bag held in the hand or hung form a shoulder strap and used for carrying small personal articles and money
|
| Hand-block Printing |
Process of printing textiles using blocks. The blocks are made of wood, linoleum or metal, are used to apply thickened dyestuff pastes at normal room temperatures. A separate block is used for each different colour in the finished design. The size of the block is limited by size and weight that the printer can handle. It is a slow operation. |
| Hand Frame |
Knitting machines constructed like the original invented by the Reverend William Lee in Calverton (1589), having horizontally mounted bearded needles and drop down sinkers. A characteristic of the hand frame is the heavy oak 'frame' that supports the working 'head'.
|
| Hand-hold |
See Roving courses
|
| Handkerchief |
A small usually square piece of cloth used for various usually personal purposes, as blowing the nose or wiping the eyes, or as an accessory on one's attire.A square article made from any of the major textile fibres. It serves as a necessity or an adornment. It varies in size and may be decorated by the use of lace, a border, design, or monogram. The best grades are usually made with a hand-rolled hem.
|
| Handkerchief Linen |
A fine lightweight plain weave fabric of linen or a linen blend. Used in blouses, dresses.Also known as 'hand-kerchief lawn'; it describes the finest cotton or linen lawn fabric, or cambric, used for handkerchiefs. Made in plain colours or printed; it can be boiled and hot-washed, and wears very well. In addition to handkerchiefs it is used for baby clothes, christening gowns and table linen.
|
| Handkerchief Style |
The hem of a blouse or skirt that is gently jagged to form flowing points.
|
| Hand-knitting Machine |
A 'V-bed', flat bed or single bed latch needle knitting machine designed to be powered by hand. Such machines are widely used industrially, where the product competes favourably with the power machine. Very quick response and very short production runs are possible. |
| Hand-knotted Carpet |
A carpet made by knotting tufts into a substrate by hand. The two most common types of knot used are the Persian (or sehba) and the Turkish (or ghiordes). |
| Handle |
The quality of a fabric or yarn assessed by the reaction obtained from the sense of touch. Note: it is concerned with the subjective judgement of roughness, smoothness, harshness, pliability, thickness, etc.
1. In fabric: the character of a fabric as determined by handling it. See Hand of fabric.
2. In garment: a loop or loops fixed on a garment for hanging it up.
3. As an appliance: a device of wood, metal or plastic from which a garment may be hung.
|
| Handle, Garment |
In garment, a loop or loops fixed on a garment for hanging it up. |
| Handle Appliance |
An appliance, a device of wood, metal or plastic from which a garment may be hung. |
| Hand-loom |
A hand operated machine for producing cloth by weaving. In some instances, the shedding is performed by foot operation. |
| Hand-loom |
1) A weaving devise operated manually.
2) A term used to describe a specially woven sample containing yarn dyes for colour judging.
|
| Hand-loomed |
Fabrics, which are woven on either the hand or hand-and-foot power loom. |
| Hand of Fabric |
Fibre: Silk, rayon.
Weave: Crosswise rib.
Characteristics: Has a definite crosswise rib effect. Very soft material that drapes well. Finer than grosgrain but in that family - ribs are also flatter than in grosgrain. Some belongs to the crepe family. It is rather difficult to launder. Will give good wear if handled properly. Has a lustrous finish.
Uses: Dresses, blouses, soft evening purses, some dressy coats.
|
| Hand-overcast Seam-finish |
A finish for the raw edges of a plain seam, in which hand stitches are taken over the raw edges of each seam allowance. A hand-overcast seam-finish is made by using a single thread and needle to stitch by hand 3 to 6mm deep and 6mm apart over the raw edge of each seam allowance. |
| Hand-painting |
Also called free-hand painting. To hand paint is to use a paintbrush when painting something. |
| Hand-pick |
A fabric defect, produced when a pick is pulled out of line for a short distance, resulting in a triangular shaped hole. |
| Hand-screen Printing |
Printing from flat screens by hand.
|
| Hand-spun |
Yarns, which are spun by hand, or fabrics made from such yarns. They are more interesting and unusual than the more uniform machine spun.Yarns, which are spun by hand, or fabrics made from such yarns. They are more interesting and more unusual than the absolutely even, smooth machine yarns.
|
| Hand-wash Drip-dry |
See Wash-and-wear |
| Hand Washing |
The gentlest form of home laundering using hand manipulation without the use of a machine or device such as a scrubbing board. |
| Hand Wheel
|
See Balance wheel |
| Hand Woven
|
See Hand loomed
|
| Hand-woven
|
Fabrics, which are woven or either the hand, or hand-and-foot power loom. They are admired because they express the individually of the weaver. |
| Hanging Collars |
See Falling bands |
| Hang Pick
|
Fabric defect. A pick, caught on a warp yarn knot for a short distance, producing a triangular shaped hole in the fabric.
|
| Hang Shot
|
See Hang pick
|
| Hang-tags
|
They are important point of sale items that can play a valuable role in attracting consumer attention and relaying important information abut the product to which the tags are attached. The tag is utilized to identify the brand name of the product. Hang tags are also utilized to point out important information about a product or the company that supplies the product. In regards to children's clothing, the hangtag occasionally points out safety issues that should be considered when purchasing the product. Hang tag generally hang from garments on a swift tack. This allows the hangtag to hang on the outside of a garment with out falling all over the floor of the retailer. Integrated hangtag is an integration of price ticket information (UPC, Price, etc.) onto a hangtag. This process eliminates the need for having a hangtag plus a price ticket. The integrated hangtag allows you to merge the creative aspect of hangtags with the boring but necessary information from a traditional price ticket. Essentially, this allows for an updated version of an old fashion price ticket
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| Hank
|
The section of the collar between the crease and the leaf edge. In indirect yarn numbering system, a skein of such a length that the number of such skeins per pound equals the indirect yarn number (count); e.g. since the cotton count is the number of 840 yard lengths per pound, a skein having a length of 840 yard is a hank in that system.
1. In numbering of roving and yarn a hank is a definite length which varies for the different materials–840 yards in one pound of a #1s cotton yarn, 560 for worsted, 1600 yards for Boston-run woollen yarn, 300 yards for Philadelphia -cut woollen yarn, etc.
2. A skein of reeled yarn.
3. The number of count of roving, such as 2-hank roving.
|
| Hank-dyeing |
Dyeing yarn that has been reeled into hanks.
|
| Hankie |
Handkerchief
|
| Hanking-machine
|
See Reeling machine |
| Hank-sizing
|
The sizing of yarn in the form of hanks or skeins normally used for experimental work or short warps. |
| Hank-sizing
plants |
The application of size solution to yarn in hanks. |
| Hap |
Something dialectical], as a cloak, that serves as a covering or wrap
|
| Harateen
|
A furnishing cloth, made with a worsted warp and a thicker worsted weft to form horizontal ribs, and then finished by watering and stamping. |
| Hard |
Describing fabrics with a firm, coarse hand. |
| Hardanger Cloth |
Plain weave cotton fabric of coarse construction, so that the weave is easily visible. Used for embroidery, especially the types where threads have to be counted. The threads are usually arranged in pairs. |
| Hard Dot |
In photogravure printing, the system in which the cells are of differing widths but of the same depth. |
| Hard End |
See Tight twist end |
| Hardening
|
The process employed in the pressed-felt industry and hat manufacturing, in which a mass of loose fibres, after being roughly shaped by carding and forming is subjected to a high-speed vibratory motion in the presence of steam while under considerable mechanical pressure.
A treatment employed on man-made regenerated protein filaments, so as to render them completely insoluble in cold water and cold dilute saline solutions.
Treatment of man-made regenerated-protein filaments so as to render them completely insoluble in cold water and cold dilute saline solutions.
|
| Hard Fibre |
See Leaf fibre |
| Hard-finished |
A fabric the face of which is finished without any nap. The term is applied to cotton, woollen and worsted fabrics.
1. Usually refers to wool fabrics woven from tightly twisted yarns and finished without napping.
2. A fabric the face of which is finished without any nap. The term is applied to cotton, woollen and worsted fabrics.
|
| Hard Finish Fabric |
Wool fabrics woven from tightly twisted yarns and finished without napping.
|
| Hard Hat |
A protective hat made of rigid material, as metal or fibreglass, and worn especially by construction workers |
| Hard-laid Rope |
A rope in which the length of lay of the strands and/or the rope is shorter than usual, resulting in a stiffer and less flexible rope. See also Rope
|
| Hard Silk |
Raw silk, which has not been degummed.
|
| Hard Size |
Fabric defect. Sections in the cloth, where the warp contains an excessive quantity of sizing. |
| Hard Soap |
Soap that contains sodium compounds of fatty acids that hardens when exposed to air. Used for washing with hard water. See also Soap
|
| Hard-spun Yarns |
Yarns spun with a high tight twist. |
| Hard Waste |
Waste from reeling, warping, winding, weaving, and cop bottoms.
See also Cotton waste
|
| Hard Water |
Water having a high magnesium or calcium content. A special soap is necessary in order to make suds. Water containing Fe3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions, which forms precipates with soap.
|
| Hare Jackrabbit |
Characteristics: Hair texture is woolly.
Uses: Felting.
|
| Hare Hair |
The hair texture of hare is soft and woolly. Hare hair is greatly used in the USA. It may be spun with wool, to produce a result similar to that of a wool/rabbit mixture. |
| Harem Pants |
Women's loose trousers that fit closely at the ankle |
| Hare Pocket |
An extra large jetted pocket inserted in to the lining of a coat, usually fastened with buttons. |
| Harlequin |
A large plaid check in three or more contrasting colours; also, a large, bold check, generally made with a white check and a contrasting check of a vivid colour. A design motif dominated by diamond shapes or checks in 3 or more contrasting colors as in a harlequin costume.
|
| Harmonious Colours |
Colours next to each other on the colour wheel. Red and Orange, Orange and Yellow, Yellow and Green, Green and Blue, Blue and Purple, Purple and Red. |
| Harmonised Tariff Schedule of The United States |
(HTSUS) Published by the U.S. International Trade Commission, the TSUS is used in the classification of imported merchandise for rates of duty and statistical purposes. |
| Harness |
In looms, a frame containing a number of heddles which is moved up and down to help form the warp shed, i.e. to separate the warp yarns to make an opening for the weft yarns to pass through. At least two harnesses are required. The Frame upon which the heddles used in weaving fabric are placed. Warp threads are drawn through their respective heddle eyes. Harnesses, which form the shed of the loom so that the shuttle with the filling yarn wound on it may wound on it may pass through this shed, are raised and lowered in accordance with the pattern set up by the designer. There must always be at least one harness raised and at least one lowered to make a shed. Generally speaking, "all ends that weave alike should do on the same harness."
|
| Harness Breakdown |
Fabric defect, major. Caused by the harness straps breaking on a conventional loom. A definite pattern change in the weave will be seen on the fabric.
|
| Harness Mark |
Roughed-up warp yarn shows in dark lines when the fabric is being woven. The result of the heddles not operating smoothly because they are tight, loose or worn appreciably. |
| Harness Skip |
See Float |
| Harris Tweed |
Rough, very hardwearing tweed fabric in mixed natural colours with a distinctive close weave and hairy finish.Comes only from the islands of the Outer Hebrides, where it was once made from hand-spun woollen yarn and the cloth is labelled accordingly, but it is a very exclusive and expensive cloth. The wool is usually dyed before spinning so the colour mixtures in heather, lovat and brown are standard types. The weave is usually 2/2 twill either straight or herringbone and a variety of check patterns are produced. The finish is full in handle and fibrous although the weave is not obscured. Used mainly for expensive tailored coats and suits.All are hand woven on the islands off the Northern coast of Scotland (outer Hebrides). There are two types of Harris Tweed: (a) fabric woven from hand-spun yarn, (b) fabric woven from machine-spun yarn. Now very few are woven from hand spun yarns as it takes too much time and labour. It is always stamped to that effect in addition to the label, which any Harris Tweed always bears. Much is woven in 27" and 28" widths, but also in 54". When damp, it smells mossy and smokey. Is now made from Scottish and other wools. Is also power warped and power beamed.
|
| Harris Tweed |
A trademark for an imported tweed made of virgin wool from the Highlands of Scotland, spun, dyed, and hand-woven by islanders in Harris and other islands of the Hebrides. Must be properly labelled. The Harris Tweed certification mark is owned and administered by the Harris Tweed Association, Ltd, London, England. Its exclusive trademark is the long familiar (since 1912) "orb mark." a ball-shaped figure surmounted by a cross. |
| Harvard |
A shirting cloth with 2/2 twill weave, usually with a coloured warp and white weft. These are often ornamented by stripes of white or coloured threads or by simple weave effects or by both. |
| Hat |
A covering for the head usually having a shaped crown and brim. Headwear. |
| Hat Body |
Millinery fabric, which has been blocked. This is the form in which hat material is usually sold in the millinery trade. |
| Hatched |
Fabric in which one pattern, colour or yarn is overlaid on another. May be woven or printed. The term also meant, crossed with lines. |
| Hat Shape
|
See Hat body
|
| Hatting |
Millinery fabrics. |
| Hauberk |
A tunic of chain mail worn as defensive armour from the 12th to the 14th centuries |
| Haul-off Roller |
The first driven roller around which an extruded yarn passes after leaving the spinneret, and whose surface speed determines the spin-stretch ratio. |
| Haute Couture |
Hi-fashion garments (of which only a single price is produced). It's extravagant, it's irrational, it's unique The term haute couture is a designation protected by law and "only those companies mentioned on the list drawn up each year by a commission domiciled at the Ministry for Industry are entitled to avail themselves thereof," to quote the Syndical Chamber for Haute Couture. The main criteria, set forth in 1945 and updated in 1992, are as follows: to employ a minimum of fifteen people at the workshops, to present to the press in Paris each season (spring/summer and autumn/winter) a collection of at least thirty-five runs consisting of models for daytime wear and evening wear.and it's totally unaffordable
|
| Hauteur |
The mean length of the fibres of a sliver or roving, calculated from the proportions by titre of the fibres in the sliver or the roving. This term is used for long staple fibres, particularly wool. |
| Havelock |
A covering attached to a cap to protect the neck from the sun or bad weather |
| Haversack
|
A bag similar to a knapsack but worn over one shoulder |
| Hawaiian Shirt |
A usually short-sleeved sport shirt with a colourful pattern |
| Hawser-laid Rope |
A rope of three strands, which are twisted to form helixes around the same central axis. |
| Hawser Twist |
The construction of cabled yarn, cord, or rope in which the single and first-ply twist are in the same direction and the second-ply twist is in the opposite direction, and S/S/Z or Z/Z/S construction. |
| Hazel
|
A light brown to strong yellowish brown.
|
| HDPE |
High density polyethylene. |
| Head |
Zipper part, in zippers, the portion of the element that engages the pocket.
Pressing machine part; in pressing machine, the upper, movable working surface of the pressing machine which incorporates the mating shape or contour to that of the buck. The head comes in to contact with the garment with or without pressure.
|
| Head (Jute) |
One of a number of bunches of raw jute forming a bale. The heads are each given a twist and folded over before being made into the bale. |
| Head-band |
A woven narrow fabric used in bookbinding, and having a coloured piped or beaded edge woven integrally. A band worn on or around the head.
|
| Head Dress |
An often elaborate covering for the head |
| Head-end |
Fabric part; the beginning of a new piece of fabric in the loom, usually showing identification marks.Fabric specimen; a representative sample of a larger lot of cloth.
|
| Head-end |
The beginning of a new piece or run of fabric in the loom, usually showing identification marks of some sort. The term is comparable with the British term. Heading in the American meaning and usage the term is used to describe a large sample of cloth. Basically, it implies a sample of fabric folded in the same way as with a full-length cut or bolt of cloth showing the position of and also one of the labels which appear on a regular piece or cut. Actually, it is a reference sample. Some head ends, of course, are "miniature" or of less-than-fold size: these must be stamped or pin-tagged for reference. |
| Headgear |
A covering or protective device for the head |
| Head Girth |
A term related to garment sizing. In body measurements, the maximum circumference of the head above the ears.
|
| Heading |
1. The beginning and the end of a piece of woven fabric.
2. See under Fringe
|
| Headless Mannequin |
A complete, life-like mannequin, which ends at the neck. Sometimes the neck is straight or flat cut, or it may end in a fanciful swirl. Either way, the decapitated form is a full-size, full-scale, non-personalized representation. |
| Head Piece |
A protective or defensive head covering; an ornamental, ceremonial, or traditional covering for the head |
| Head Sheet |
A modelling term. Every major modelling agency periodically publishes a mailer or brochure, which contains photographs and vital information about every model handled by the agency. This head sheet is used for promotion to existing and prospective clients. In many cases only the heads of the models are shown. |
| Headstock |
A geared head used to drive a warp beam in the beaming, warping or slashing operations.
|
| Heald |
A device made of looped cord, shaped wire or thin, flat, steel strip with an eye in the centre through which a warp end is threaded so that its movement can then be controlled during weaving. |
| Heart-yarn |
A centre thread around which other threads are twisted to form core yarn. |
| Heat Durability |
The extent, to which a material retains its useful properties at ambient air conditions, following its exposure to a specified temperature and environment for a specified time and its return to the ambient air conditions. |
| Heat-durable |
Having the property of heat durability. |
| Heat Flux |
The thermal intensity indicated by the amount of power per unit area.
|
| Heather |
A popular flower in the British Isles; it is the basis of the yellow dye used in dyeing of Harris tweeds. A yarn that is spun using pre-dyed fibres. These fibres are blended together to give a particular look. (For example, black and white may be blended together to create a grey heathered yarn.) The term, heather, may also be used to describe the fabric made from heathered yarns.
|
| Heather/Cross Dye/Top Dye/Melange |
A mixed fabric color is achieved (the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suitings) by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together. Black and white fibre mixed will combine to give grey heather fibre. |
| Heather Mix |
Varicoloured fibres are blended to produce a yarn with a mixed or speckled effect. |
| Heather Blend |
Combining of colours, stock-dyed, to provide a mottled or melange type of yarn in woollens such as homespun, tweed, cheviot, Shetland, etc., for use in coatings, cap cloth, sport coating, jackets, ensembles, suitings, etc. The mixture suggests the colour of the well-known Scottish heather. |
| Heather-mixtures |
Describes both woven and knitted wool fabric found in a combination of greens and purples, or Scottish heather colours. Colours are often used in equal amounts so that no one colour predominates. |
| Heather Yarn |
Mottled or mélange yarn intended to represent the colour of Scottish heather. |
| Heat-resistance |
The extent to which a material retains its useful properties as measured during exposure of the material to a specified temperature and environment for a specified time.A material having the property of heat resistance.Compare Heat durability
|
| Heat-resistant |
The ability of a textile product to resist damage caused by high temperatures. |
| Heat-set Finish |
Heat setting is necessary with most Fabric Paints to lock the colour into the fibres so it's washable. (Paint must be thoroughly dry!) There are a few different methods. Ironing is a major home option. Preheat the iron at the maximum temperature safe for the fabric. Most paints say to iron each spot for 2-3 minutes. Using Aluminium foil can cut back on this time. Place aluminium foil on the ironing board with the shiny side up. Put the fabric over that with the painted face down. Place another sheet of foil on top, shiny side down. Each square foot must be pressed for 15-25 seconds keeping the iron moving so as to not scorch the fabric. (Inexpensive plastic irons sometimes don't get hot enough). A commercial dryer that reaches 250 degrees minimum can be used for 30-45 minutes depending on the fabric and fabric paint used. The dryer must be preheated and please note that home dryers usually don't get hot enough. Another method is using a commercial conveyor type oven: 350* for 3 minutes, 2 passes if necessary. A home oven can be safely used (except for accessories that have plastic inserts!), 250* for 25 min. Coil the fabric in a loose roll and lay it on some paper, not allowing the fabric to touch the sides or rack of the oven. All temperatures and amounts of times are dependant on the fabric, fabric paint, amount of coverage and equipment used. TEST! To eliminate heat-setting, try Versatex's new No Heat Fixative! Works with most brands of fabric paints. |
| Heat-set Fabrics |
Thermoplastic-fibre fabrics that have reduced relaxation shrinkage and increased wrinkle resistance due to the application of heat. |
| Heat-setting |
Process of imposing permanent dimensions upon thermoplastic garments and materials by the action of heat, with or without steam. When dimensional constraints are applied, new linkages are formed which stabilise the shape dictated and which will remain unchanged until the material is subjected to a temperature higher than that of heat setting. The stage at which heat setting takes place varies according to the type of material and the preferred sequence of processes. Unless there are reasons to the contrary, setting after dyeing is preferred. There are two types of heat setting, 'dry heat setting' and 'steam heat setting', and using saturated steam.
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| Heat Shrinkage |
The change in dimension of a fabric specimen exposed to heat. |
| Heat Transfer Coefficient |
See Thermal transmittance |
| Heat-transfer Printed |
A method of printing fabric by transferring a design from a paper to fabric by passing them together through heated rollers or a heated press. Also called sublistatic printing or sublimation printing. |
| Heat-transfer Printing |
A method of textile printing in which, the complete design is transferred from a previously printed transfer medium, usually paper, on to the fabric with which it is in contact, by means of heat and pressure. |
| Heat Transfer Printing |
A fabric printing technique where a printed design is transferred from paper to fabric using heat and pressure.The technique of printing fabrics by transferring a printed design from paper to fabric via heat and pressure. It's derived from the art of decalcomania, which is the process of transferring pictures or designs from specially prepared paper to other materials such as glass. HTP paper is the starting point for heat transfer printing. Transfer printing is used mainly on fine knit fabrics and lightweight fabrics and is rapidly gaining in importance in textile circles. Also being used by apparel makers on parts of garments to enhance their fashion appeal. Some special HTP terms:
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| Heavy Colour |
See Machine stop |
| Heavy Duty Soap |
A cleansing agent that has special alkalies added to improve its cleaning power. |
| Heavy End |
See Coarse end |
| Heavy Filling |
See Coarse pick. |
| Heavy Goods |
Another name which is popular in India for Sacking. |
| Heavy Pick |
See Thick pick |
| Heavy Place |
See Coarse filling bar |
| Heavy Sheer |
See under Sheer
|
| Hectic |
Red; flushed. |
| Heddles |
Steel wires, or thin flat steel strips held by the frame, with a loop or eye near the centre through which one or more warp yarns pass on the loom so that the thread movement is controllable in weaving. Heddles control the weave pattern and shed as the harnesses are raised and lowered during the weaving.
The series of wires held by the harness on heddle bars at the top and bottom of the harness frame. Heddles have a top and bottom loop for each of the harness bars so that they can be slipped onto the correct harness. The middle hole has the respective warp end or ends drawn through it. Heddles keep the warp ends under control at all times. They are made of passed steel wire, string cord, and iron and used in the weaning of fabrics. See harness.
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| Hedle |
See Heald |
| Height |
A term related to garment sizing. In body measurements, the vertical distance from the crown of standing subject to the soles of the feet. For persons unable to stand, height is measured while they are lying down.
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| Helanca |
Made from Swiss elastic fibre of nylon and polyester. Fabrics have two-way stretch and are very hardwearing and washable. Used for sportswear, skiwear, swimsuits, trousers, and panels in maternity clothes.
Product of the Heberlein Patent Corporation, New York City, the company that produced the first commercial stretch yarn in 1947. Helanca is a registered trademark of the company for a nylon or a polyester yarn made under license grant. Continuous filaments are specially engineered to create millions of microscopic curls. Obtained through a torque (or tension) technique. The filament is first coiled like a spring and then is heat-set and twisted counter to the coil. The curls formed by this reverse plan open and close to give the stretch: the finer or lighter the denier, the greater will be the stretch.
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| Helical Selvedge |
Selvedge formed by nipping each pick between two strong, highly tensioned ends, which interwine continuously, each end having a helical configuration.
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| Held Loop |
In knitting, a loop which, having been pulled through the loop of the previous course, is retained by the needle during the knitting of one or more additional courses. . |
| Heliotrope |
A variable colour averaging a moderate to reddish purple. |
| Helix Yarn |
A textured yarn that is curled or crimped. |
| Helm |
Helmety |
| Hemp |
Hemp is a bast fibre that was probably used first in Asia. The fibre is dark tan or brown and is difficult to bleach, but it can be dyed bright and dark colours. The hemp fibres vary widely in length, depending upon their ultimate use. Industrial fibres may be several inches long, while fibres used for domestic textiles are about 3/4 inch to 1 inch (1.9 to 2.54 cm) long. The elongation (1 to 6 percent) is low and its elasticity poor. The thermal reactions of hemp and the effect of sunlight are the same as for cotton. Hemp is moth resistant, but it is not impervious to mildew. Coarse hemp fibres and yarns are woven into cordage, rope, sacking and heavy-duty tarpaulins. In Italy, fine hemp fibres are used for interior design and apparel fabrics.
Cannabis sativa is a bast fibre that was probably used first in Asia. The fibre is dark tan or brown and is difficult to bleach, but it can be dyed bright and dark colours. The hemp fibres vary widely in length, depending upon their ultimate use. Industrial fibres may be several inches long, while fibres used for domestic textiles are about 3/4 inch to 1 inch (1.9 to 2.54 cm) long. The elongation (1 to 6 percent) is low and its elasticity poor. The thermal reactions of hemp and the effect of sunlight are the same as for cotton. Hemp is moth resistant, but it is not impervious to mildew. Coarse hemp fibres and yarns are woven into cordage, rope, sacking and heavy-duty tarpaulins. In Italy, fine hemp fibres are used for interior design and apparel fabrics. Hemp is a plant grown in nearly all the temperate countries of the world. It furnishes a bast fibre, obtained by a retting process, which is used for rope and textiles. Some of the fibre enters the paper industry as waste material. The term hemp has also come to be used in a generic sense as fibre and then preceded by an adjective, for example, Manila Hemp (See Abaca), Sisal Hemp (See Sisal).
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| Hemp, True |
A fine light-coloured, lustrous, and strong bast fibre, obtained from the hemp plant, cannabis satival, Note: The colour and cleanliness vary considerably according to the method of preparation of the fibre, the lower grades being dark cream and containing much non-fibrous matter. The fibre is obtained by retting. Its principal use is in twine and cordage, but some of the finer grades are used in weaving. The fibre ranges in length from 1 to 2.5m (3 to 8 ft). The term 'hemp' is often incorrectly used in a generic sense for fibres from different plants, e.g., Manila 'hemp' (abaca) from musa textilis nee; sisal 'hemp' from agave sisalana perrine; sunn 'hemp' (sunn fibre) from crotalaria junceal. |
| Helmet |
A covering or enclosing headpiece of ancient or medieval armour; any of various protective head coverings usually made of a hard material to resist impact |
| Helvetia |
A warp-faced poplin made with greige silk warp and spun silk weft and printed on both sides. The number of ends per inch are about twice the number of picks. Weft is sometimes made of fine count cotton. Similar to Japonais. |
| Hem |
A folded edge produced by turning in the edge of a garment and securing it. |
| Hem Allowance |
The amount of fabric turned under at the hemline. |
| Hemline |
The line along which a hem is marked and folded. |
| Hemming-Stitch |
A short, quickly sewn, slanting stitch. |
| Henequen |
A fibre obtained from the leaf of agava fourcroydes. This closely resembles Sisal. |
| Henequen |
The fibre obtained from the leaf of agava fourcroydes lemaire.
Characteristics: It is obtained from the leaves of the agave fourcroydes plant, which is native to Mexico. It is produced by mechanically decorticating the leaves into strands from 4 to 5 feet.
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| Henrietta |
Fine diagonal twilled dress fabric made with silk warp and fine worsted weft, which makes it, resemble Cashmere cloth. Once in great demand, but it has not been very much in evidence for some time.
Originally consisted of worsted filling and silk warp. Today, it can be found in a variety of blends. It has excellent drapability. Its weight and quality vary with fibres, however, when created with silk and wool it is lustrous and soft.
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| HEPA |
High efficiency particulate air (filtration). |
| Herringbone |
A variation on the twill weave construction in which the twill is reversed, or broken, at regular intervals, producing a zig-zag effect. |
| Herringbone |
Herringbone is a weave where twill warp stripes are created by running twills in different directions.A fabric woven in the herringbone weave. The weave is developed from a combination of twill weaves in which the direction of the twill is reversed (usually by drafting) to produce stripes resembling 'herringbones'.
A twilled fabric with a herringbone pattern, namely a pattern made up of rows of parallel lines, which in any two adjacent rows slope in opposite directions. A suit made of herringbone, namely a twilled fabric with a herringbone pattern, namely rows of parallel lines, which in any two adjacent rows slope in opposite directions
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| Herringbone Twill |
A broken twill weave giving a zigzag effect produced by alternating the direction of the twill. Same as the chevron weave. Structural design resembles backbone of herring. A true herringbone should have the same number of yarns in each direction, right and left, and be evenly balanced. Thus, all herringbones are broken twills but all broken twills are not true herringbones.
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| Herringbone Twill |
Twill is a strong and yet very soft cotton cloth woven in such a way that fine diagonal lines appear on the surface. Herringbone twill has vertical lines of opposite diagonal ribs forming V-shaped structures. Twill in two-fold cotton is a very smooth and soft fabric that satisfies the highest demands. |
| Herringbone Wool |
A woven twill that is reversed at regular spacing, creating a saw tooth line. |
| Hessian |
Coarse, even, plain weave and plain dyed cloth. Bast fibres, often coarse jute, or sometimes jute and hemp yarns are used to make this. Used for sacking and in upholstery, but it can also be a well finished smooth cloth, dyed in a wide variety of colours and used for wall-covering, notice board covering, curtains and blinds.
A coarse jute yarn is used for the warp and weft. It is in plain weave, with 12 ends and 13 picks per inch. The cloth is fibrous and made in a variety of qualities. It can be dyed but is most often used in its natural colour in the sacking and upholstery trades and as a wall covering.
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| Hessian Boot |
A high boot that extends to just below the knee and is commonly ornamented with a tassel and that was introduced into England by the Hessians early in the 19th century. |
| Heterofilament |
A filament made up of more than one polymer. |
| Heterofil Fibres |
Original generic name for biconstituent fibres.
Multicomponent synthetic fibres have been made by extruding two or more polymers, under conditions such that they do not mix, through the same spinneret. These bicomponent fibres may be structurally side-by-side, sheath-core or eccentric sheath-core.
Heterofil or meldable fibres consist of a sheath of nylon 6, which has a comparatively low melting point and a core of nylon 66 with a higher meting point. Filaments are extruded from a battery of spinnerets on to a moving conveyor and laid in random fashion to form a web. This is then heated so that the filament skin of the individual fibre softens and melts and spot bonds are formed where the heterofil fibres touch. The web is next passed to a cooling zone where the skin solidifies to form a permanent bond at each intersection.The method of fabric production varies. In some cases the web is needled and then passed through an oven to produce the inter-fibre bonds. Alternatively the web can be passed beneath a heated pressure roller. This method has the benefit that a lower processing temperature can be used and an embossed roller will produce a surface pattern on the fabric.
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| Heterotypical Fibre |
A coarse type of carpet wool whose fibre structure varies along its entire length; it is questionable whether this fibre can be classified as wool or hair. |
| Hickory Cloth |
This resembles 'ticking', but is lighter in weight and not so firmly woven. Made from cotton, or polyester and cotton. Used for protective clothing, overalls, etc.Characteristics: It is characterized by its excellent durability. It is warp striped and comes in a variety of colours. It usually is created with cotton.
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| Hidden Button-down Collar |
Gives the same snug fit as a button down, but has the look of a point collar.
With a button down this shirt looks best with a four-in-hand knot or a bow tie.
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| Hiding Power |
The ability of a fabric to obscure what lies underneath it. |
| High-bulk Yarn |
A fluffy, textured yarn, made from a combination of high and low shrinkage staple fibres. When the combined yarn is immersed in water during processing, the high shrinkage fibre draws itself down to the centre of the yarn causing the low shrinkage fibres to buckle or fluff, thus producing a fluffy yarn sited for sweaters or similar purposes. |
| High-bulk Yarns |
Spun yarns made by blending high-shrinkage staple fibres with staple fibres of low shrinkage. Strictly speaking, they are not textured yarns since they are made from staple stock and not from continuous filament. Bulk yarns provide a soft, fluff-like effect or an opaque effect on certain woven and knitted cloths. |
| High-bulk Yarns |
A yarn made by combining high shrinkage staple components with low shrinkage fibres. Differs from textured yarns since bulked yarns are made from staple fibres while textured yarns are made from continuous filaments. |
| High-bust Girth |
See Chest girth
. |
| High Charged System |
A method of dry cleaning in which an oil-soluble reagent such as petroleum sulphonate is added to the solvent so that a significant amount of water can be added to obtain a substantially clear dispersion of water in the solvent. In a high-charged system the concentration of added reagent, a so-called detergent is 4% while, in a low-charged system the concentration ranges from ¾% to 2%. |
| High Count |
Refers to fabrics woven with a relatively high thread count, resulting in a dense, tight fabric.
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| High Count Fabrics |
Closely woven fabrics. |
| High-elongation HWM Fibres |
See under H W M modal fibre |
| High Heels |
Shoes with high heels |
| High-hip Girth |
A term related to garment sizing. In body measurements, the circumference of the body at a point approximately 7.5cm. below the waist and parallel to the floor. |
| High/Low |
1. Pile fabrics that have variation in pile height 2 a corduroy with wales of 2 or more different widths. |
| High Pile |
A pile in a fabric, which is more than one eight of an inch in height. When the pile is one eighth of an inch or less, the fabric is called a low-pile cloth.
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| High Profile |
A cap style with a high slope structured with buckram-a stiff fabric lining. Less fitted to the head. |
| High Profile Promotion |
List of advertising and promotion for a store. Usually generated by the buyers together with store operations. It spells out the schedule of displays, promotions and advertising for the whole store. This is given to the Visual Merchandising Department. |
| High-speed Spinning (melt Spinning) |
A melt spinning process in which filaments are drawn down and collected at high speeds. |
| High-Speed Spinning (Melt Spinning) |
A melt spinning process in which filaments are drawn down and collected at high speeds.
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| High Strength HWM Fibres |
See under HWM modal fibre |
| High-Temperature Dyeing |
Dyeing at high-pressure (above atmospheric) in order to dye at a temperature above the normal boiling point. Application of dyestuffs, especially to petroleum based synthetic fibres, in aqueous baths at temperatures up to even 390 ºC. in pressurised equipment. |
| High Temperature Fibre |
Fibres capable of retaining useful properties at elevated temperatures, above about 400°C., e.g. Aluminium silicate fibre |
| High-Tenacity Fibre |
A man-made fibre either, belonging to a generic class of fibres having exceptional breaking strength.A man-made fibre, modified by various methods to give it increased tensile strength. This will have a breaking strength significantly greater than the average strength of other (regular tenacity) fibres in same generic class and of equivalent linear densities.High-tenacity fibres are usually used in industrial products where mechanical properties, such as strength, are major factors in fibre selection. See the table of comparative tenacities of a selection of fibres.
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| High Twist |
Refers to yarn that are manufactured with a relatively high number of turns per inch . This may be done to increase the yarn strength or to give the fabric a crepey texture or hand. |
| High Volume Instrumentation |
An assembly of integrated semi-automatic electronic instruments for rapid determination of the fineness, length, impurity content and strength of samples of raw cotton. |
| High Warp |
A warp hung vertically in the loom instead of horizontally, as is now usual. Particularly apples to tapestry looms. |
| Hi-Lo Pile |
The pile texture of domestic rugs. Certain areas of pile are sheared so that the pile is higher (Hi) than the pile in other areas (Lo). |
| Himalaya |
Appearance and weight is like Shantung, but is made from slub cotton yarns. |
| Himation |
A rectangular cloth draped over the left shoulder and about the body and worn as a garment in ancient Greece |
| Hip |
A term related to garment sizing. In anatomy, the laterally projecting region formed by the lateral parts of the pelvis and the upper part of the femur together with the flesh covering them. |
| Hip Boot |
A waterproof boot reaching to the hips |
| Hip Girth |
A term related to garment sizing. In body measurements, the maximum circumference of the body at the level of maximum prominence of the buttocks. |
| Hip Pockets |
Pockets, which are sewn on the front of the garment at hip height |
| Hitch-back |
See Draw-back
. |
| HMPE |
High modulus polyethylene. |
| Hoary |
Gray or white with or as if with age. |
| Hobble Skirt |
A skirt constricted at the bottom |
| Hockle |
In cordage, deformation of the strands in a laid rope, during manufacture, caused by the removal of kinks by pulling them out of the rope by force. |
| Hog Wool |
The first clip from a sheep not shorn as a lamb. Also termed Tag/Teg wool (obsolescent) |
| Hog Wool |
The first clip from a sheep not shorn as a lamb.
The first clip from a sheep not shorn as a lamb., also termed tag/teg wool (obsolescent)
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| Hogget Wool |
See Hog wool
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| Hole |
Fabric defect. An imperfection where one or more yarns are sufficiently damaged to create an aperture. Usually caused by broken needle. |
| Hole Count |
See under Lace quality . |
| Holland |
A cotton or linen fabric in plain weave usually heavily sized or glazed and used for window shades, bookbinding, and clothing.A completely filled, medium-weight, plain-weave fabric made from linen or cotton yarn, having a smooth gloss finish on both sides; the finish of size and oil is applied to stiffen it. Mainly used as a separating medium for sheeted rubber compounds and in upholstery for undercovering, as it is firm and hardwearing. Holland is also a canvas interfacing.
A cloth made from linen yarn in 32s lea warp and weft with 42 ends and picks per inch. This fabric has its main uses in the upholstery trade as an undercovering Also known as shade cloth, this plain woven cotton or linen fabric is heavily sized or starched and is often given an oil treatment to make it opaque. Used for curtains and shades. Gives good service.
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| Holland/Shadecloth |
A plain weave fabric similar to sheeting with a stiff sometimes glazed finish . Often of linen or cotton. Frequently used for shades.
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| Hollie Point Lace |
A needlepoint lace worked in patterns depicting scriptural subjects or religious emblems.
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| Hollie-stitch |
A type of buttonhole-stitch with a twist. Used in making Hollie point lace. |
| Hollow Braid |
In rope, a braided construction of either plain or twill braid, having an empty centre.
. |
| Hollow Fibre |
A tube-like fibre or filament made in viscose, polyester and some other fibres, making use of the theory of still air for warmth. The fibre is extruded completely hollow, as very fine micro-tubes, air-filled along the length of fibre, at the same time making them appreciably softer and lighter than standard fibres. Used in thermal underwear, soft warm fillings for outerwear and upholstery.
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| Hollow Filament |
A man-made fibre continuous filament or fibre with a single continuous lumen. |
| Hollow-filament Yarn |
A viscose rayon yarn produced from a spinning solution in which bubbles of air or inert gas are systematically formed by incorporating fluids or solids with the viscose solution to produce a gas. The yarn, therefore, contains small amounts of air or inert gas, and because of its special structure possesses characteristics different from regular solid filament viscose yarn. It has a greater covering power, because the ribbon-like form of the fibre gives it more volume, and a great deal of the bulk of the yarn is filled with the bubbles, which have practically no weight. The larger number of surfaces in the yarn gives a greater degree of light reflection and refraction which decreases the lustre, making it duller than ordinary delustred rayon, and the hollow structure of the yarn results in a lower coefficient of heat transmission than ordinary solid viscose rayon, in addition to greater flexibility and softness of hand. It is warmer to the touch than regular viscose rayon and has a very dry feel, but its tensile strength is low. Used for hosiery, velvets, necktie fabrics, underwear, etc.Macaroni yarn and Tubular yarn are terms sometimes applied to hollow-filament yarn. However, they are hardly apt descriptions, since the air bubbles within the yarn do not form a continuous tubular opening.
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| Hollow Spindle Spinning |
A system of yarn formation in which the feedstock (sliver or roving) is drafted, and the drafted twistless strand is wrapped with a yarn as it passes through a rotating hollow spindle. The binder or wrapping yarn is mounted on the hollow spindle and is unwound and wrapped around the core by rotation of the spindle. The technique may be used for producing a range of wrap-spun yarns, or fancy yarns, by using different yarn and fibre feedstocks fed to the hollow spindle at different speeds. |
| Hollow Spindle System |
A system of yarn formation in which sliver or roving is drafted and the drafted twistless strand is wrapped with a yarn as it passes through a rotating hollow spindle. The binder or wrapping yarn is mounted on the hollow spindle and is unwound and wrapped around the core by rotation of the spindle. The technique may be used for producing a range of wrap spun yarns or fancy yarns. |
| Hologram |
A three dimensional effect produced with a laser that changes with the angle of view and reflects light in a striking way . Often printed on reflective material. |
| Hollywood Waistband |
Characterized by a full-elasticised back and a side zipper/button closure.
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| Homburg |
A man's felt hat with a stiff curled brim and a high crown creased lengthwise
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| Home Laundering |
A process by which textile products or parts thereof may be washed, bleached, dried, and pressed by any customary method designed for use in a residence, or non-professional use. See also Professional care. |
| Homemade Steamer |
It is much cheaper to make a homemade steamer than to buy one, look under the how-to section for instructions on how to make one of these. They work fine for small pieces/quantities of silk.
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| Homespun |
A loosely woven usually woollen or linen fabric originally made from homespun yarn. Coarse, rugged yarn is used. Originally an undyed woollen cloth spun into yarn and woven in the home, by peasants and country folk the world over. Has substantial appearance and serviceable qualities. Made with irregular, slightly twisted uneven yarns. Has a spongy feel with a hand-loomed tweedy appearance. Genuine homespun is produced in a very limited quantity and much powerloom cloth is sold as genuine homespun. Many qualities are made; the best is an ideal rough-and-ready type of cloth.
Characteristics: Coarse, rugged yarn is used. Originally an undyed woollen cloth spun into yarn and woven in the home, by peasants and country folk the world over. Has substantial appearance and serviceable qualities. Made with irregular, slightly twisted uneven yarns. Has a spongy feel with a hand-loomed tweedy appearance. Genuine homespun is produced in a very limited quantity and much powerloom cloth is sold as genuine homespun. Many qualities made - the best is an ideal rough-and-ready type of cloth.
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| Homopolymer |
A polymer composed of one substance or one type of molecule. |
| Homopolymer Fibre |
A man-made fibre having a single chemical polymer as distinguished from a copolymer.
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| Honan |
Fabric made from silk yarn obtained from the Honan area of China, which is the only type of wild silk that accepts dye evenly. Fabric is light and rough textured.
Silk, also from man-made synthetics. Plain weave. The best grade of wild silk. Very similar to "pongee" but finer. Made from wild silkworms raised in the Honan area of China. The only wild type that gives even dyeing results. Do not fit too tightly.
Characteristics: The best grade of wild silk. Very similar to 'pongee' but finer. Made from wild silkworms raised in the Honan area of China. The only wild type that gives even dyeing results. Do not fit too tightly.
Uses: Dresses, ensembles, blouses, lingerie.
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| Honeycomb |
A fabric, in which the warp and weft threads form ridges and hollows, which give a cell-like appearance. Warp and weft threads float on both sides and the rough structure makes the cloth absorbent. It may be printed or woven in patterns. Cotton Honeycomb (sometimes called 'waffle cloth'), is very common and, plain or printed, is used for children's clothes, dresses, kitchen curtains, tablecloths. Often contains some polyester fibre.
There are many types of weaves which produce this effect, the most prominent ones being: (a) Ordinary honeycomb, which gives a marked cellular effect on the face and back of the cloth, (b) Brighton honeycomb, which develops the effect more prominently on the face but in a less regular manner and with large and small cells and (c) Grecian weave.
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| Honeycomb |
A fabric, in which the warp and weft threads float to form a diamond shape with ridges and hollows to produce a cellular cloth. Brighton and Grecian weaves are adaptations of the honeycomb principle. |
| Honey Comb |
Characteristics: Its name comes from a French word meaning birds nest. Its patterns are regular and open. Honey Comb is found in many fabrics and is also known as Diamond Weave. Uses: Draperies, jackets and women's clothing.
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| Honeycomb |
A fabric structure in which the warp and weft threads form ridges and hollows, so as to give a cellular appearance. A pique fabric with a waffle or cellular appearance. May be woven or knit.
|
| Honeycomb Stitch |
A stitch made by gathering and sewing the cloth in either a diamond or honeycomb fashion; sometimes called smocking. Used for ornamentation of blouses, children's dresses and smocks. |
| Honeycomb Waffle |
A raised effect is seen in this material, which gives the effect of the cellular comb of the honeybee. The high point on the one side of the material is the low point on the reverse side. Care has to be made in manipulation. Used for draperies, jackets, skirts, women's and children's coats and dresses. Belongs in piqué family of fabrics.
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| Honeydew |
The result of infestation of growing cotton by aphids or whitefly. It takes the form of more or less randomly distributed droplets of highly concentrated sugars, causing cotton sickness.
The result of infestation of growing cotton by aphids of whitefly. It takes the form of more or less randomly distributed droplets of highly concentrated sugars, causing cotton stickiness.
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| Hong Kong |
Plain weave ribbed fabric usually found in plain colours. It comes in a variety of qualities but the best type is made out of silk.
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| Hong Kong Seam-Finish |
A finish for the raw edges of a plain seam, in which a binding fabric encloses the raw edge of each seam allowance; the binding fabric has one raw edge enclosed and the other raw edge exposed. A Hong Kong seam-finish is made by (a) selecting a strip of light weight bias lining or commercial bias tape pressed open (25mm. wide), (b) placing the bias strip against each seam allowance, face sides together and raw edges even, (c) stitching 6mm. from the raw edges, (d) pressing the binding away from the seam allowance and over raw edges toward the inside, and (e) stitching in the previous stitching line (sometimes called 'stitch-in-the-ditch') on the face side of the seam allowance, thus securing the binding on the under side.Compare Bound seam-finish
. |
| Honiton Lace |
Hand-made lace characterized by designs of flowers and leaves on a very fine mesh ground.
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| Hood |
Acid-milled cone-shaped felt used in hat manufacture. |
| Hood |
A flexible covering for the head and neck; a protective covering for the head and face; an ornamental scarf worn over an academic gown that indicates by its colour the wearer's college or university
|
| Hook |
In sewing machine, a rotating device which accommodates the spool and picks up the needle thread in some types of lockstitch machines.
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| Hook-and-Loop Fasteners |
See Self-fastening tape fasteners
|
| Hook and Eye Closure |
A 2-part fastening device (as on a garment or a door) consisting of a metal hook that catches over a bar or into a loop. |
| Hook-and-Eye Fasteners |
Used as garment closures. Standard metal hook-and-eyes are made available with two types of eyes; straight eye or looped eye; selection of the eye type is based on the location of the closure in the garment. The hook and straight eye is used where garment edges overlap. The hook and loop eye is preferred where garment edges just meet, such as at the back of turtleneck collars. It is to be noted that, in some garments a hook and thread eye is used rather than a metal eye.
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| Hooked Bow |
Fabric defect. A fabric condition in which the weft or course yarns are in the proper position for most of the fabric width but are pulled out of alignment at one side of the fabric.See also Double hooked bow
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| Hoopskirt |
A skirt stiffened with as if with hoops |
| Hopsack |
A modification of a plain weave in which two or more ends or picks weave as one.
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| Hopsack |
(Hopsacking) a rough-surfaced loosely woven clothing fabric. Cotton, wool, linen, rayon, silk, hemp, jute. Basket weave. Made with coarse yarn. Has a rather rough texture and quite durable. Often quite bulky but various weights.
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| Hopsack |
See Basket weave/hopsack. |
| Hopsack |
Originally this coarse fabric was used as a bag by hop growers. It is loosely woven of cotton or wool and is used in clothing.
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| Hopsacking |
Characteristics: Made with coarse yarn. Has a rather rough texture and quite durable. Often quite bulky but various weights.Uses: Men's and women's sportswear, coats, suits, draperies. If fine used for dresses.
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| Hopsacking |
Popular woollen or worsted suiting fabric made from a 2-and-2 or a 3-and-3 basket weave. The weaves effect is like that used for sacking to gather hops in the fields. Now made from other major fibres, hopsacking is used also for dress goods, jackets, skirts, and blouses. |
| Hopsack Weave |
It is a plain weave variation.
The hopsack weave is simply a plain weave doubled; i.e. the yarns interlace in pairs. This gives a coarser grain of appearance than plain weave but a softer fabric, because the interlacings are not as tight as plain weave. In this the 1 and 1 plain interlacing has been increased to 2 and 2 in both directions.A simple combination weave on plain principles is the haircord weave. See diagram under 'Haircord'.In the rib and cord weaves the 1 and 1 plain interlacing has been increased to 2 and 2 in warp and weft respectively, whilst in hopsack the interlacings are 2 and 2 in both directions. The interlacings could be increased further in size, but increase brings looseness and instability and limits the practical use of many variations weave which are theoretically possible, so that the number of plain weave variations is quite small.
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| Hopsack |
See basket weave/hopsack. |
| Hopsack Weave |
Originally hopsack was a coarse double yarn sacking, made from jute or hemp. Now the name is given to a plain-weave suiting weight cloth made by using two or more yarns in each direction. May be made from any natural or synthetic fibre, but if synthetic, the fibres are usually bulked to produce the traditional cloth. May also be produced as a furnishing and curtain fabric. Generally hopsack fabrics will fray fairly readily. The basic hopsack weaves may be modified in various ways, e.g. by introducing additional interlacing to give firmer cloth ('stitched hopsack'), or by arranging small square blocks of figures to form diagonal lines in the fabric ('twilled hopsack').
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| Horizon |
A type of light source used in a commercial light box to simulate early morning sunrise, or late afternoon sunset conditions. The correct technical definition for horizon light is as follows: a simulated horizon sunlight source providing a colour temperature of 2300+/-200 k at a minimum illumination of 80 ft/ candles. (k = kelvin) |
| Horizontal Lapping |
A process in which layers of web are laid horizontally, one on top of another, to form a multi-layer structure (see also vertical lapping). |
| Horizontal Line |
Same as Ring |
| Horn-tone Buttons |
Buttons that appear to be manufactured from horn.
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| Horse Blanket |
See under Tattersal check under Checks |
| Horse Hair |
Long, very coarse hair from manes and tails of horses. At one time it made a cheap, strong material used widely for upholstery, carpets and interfacing fabrics, but is now becoming scarce and very expensive. Hair is being replaced by man-made fibre, but the resulting fabric is referred to as 'hair canvas', not horsehair canvas. |
| Horsehair |
Cloth made from horsehair.
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| Horse Hair |
The long and lustrous hair taken from the mane and tail of horses. One of the most common uses is in blends with other fibres for hair canvas interfacings.
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| Hose |
A total leg-covering garment ending in a position above the knee. |
| Hose |
A cloth leg covering that sometimes covers the foot; stocking, sock; a close-fitting garment covering the legs and waist that is usually attached to a doublet by points; short breeches reaching to the knee |
| Hose (narrow Fabric) |
A tubular woven fabric for conveying liquid under pressure. Note: Hose is manufactured in both unlined and lined forms. When unlined, the weave is plain and the material is generally flax or hemp with a weaving density so arranged that when the fibres swell on wetting, the fabric becomes tight enough to reduce percolation under pressure to a negligible amount. For lined hose, fibres other than flax or hemp may be used in a plain or twill weave. Lightweight hose woven from synthetic yams may incorporate an independent tubular plastic lining, which is introduced. |
| Hose (Narrow Fabric) |
A tubular woven fabric for conveying liquid under pressure., note: hose is manufactured in both unlined and lined forms. When unlined, the weave is plain and the material is generally flax or hemp with a weaving density so arranged that when the fibres swell on wetting, the fabric becomes tight enough to reduce percolation under pressure to a negligible amount. For lined hose, fibres other than flax or hemp may be used in a plain or twill weave. Light-weight hose woven from synthetic yams may incorporate an independent tubular plastic lining, which is introduced. |
| Hose |
A tubular woven narrow fabric for conveying fluid under pressure. |
| Hoisery |
Knitted articles. |
| Hosiery |
It used to be a general term to describe all types of knitted fabrics and goods made from them. Now the term is employed more to mean knitted coverings for feet and legs.
Hosiery may be knitted from wool, cotton, nylon and other synthetic fibres, alone or in blends such as wool/nylon, polyester/cotton, etc. The type of knit may be weft or warp (mesh and textured). Comfort in wear and seasonal compatibility are important factors in the production of hosiery items like socks, fashioned stockings, seamless stockings, tights and panti-hoses, etc. While sheerness of hosiery is dependent on the denier (yarn weight or size), durability is controlled by denier and gauge (wales per cm and courses per cm).
Formerly the term was used in the generic sense of all types of knitted fabrics and goods made up therefrom.
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| Hosiery |
(1) Knitted coverings for the feet and legs,
(2) Formerly in the UK, the term was used in the generic sense of all types of knitted fabrics and, goods made up there from.
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| Hosiery Hose |
Knitwear [Chiefly British] |
| Hosiery Knitting Machines |
A knitting machine for the production of hosiery. Most are small-diameter latch-needle circular knitting machines. |
| Hosiery Knitting Machine |
A knitting machine for the production of hosiery. Most are small-diameter latch-needle circular knitting machines
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| Hospital Gauze |
A bleached and sterilized cheesecloth used in hospitals. |
| Hot Drawing |
The term applied to the drawing of synthetic filaments or films with the intentional application of heat. |
| Hot Drawing (Synthetic Filaments And Films) |
A term applied to the drawing of synthetic filaments or films with the intentional application of external heat.
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| Hot-flue |
A machine in which hot air is used to dry fabric carried on rollers along a serpentine path. |
| Hot-fluid-Jet Texturising |
The yarn is injected by a plasticising jet of hot fluid (usually hot air, sometimes steam) into a texturising tube or nozzle. |
| Hot Head Press |
Equipment capable of generating high temperatures and great pressure. Used for pressing garments made of sensitised fabric and processing flat-cured fabrics that require higher temperatures and longer periods of time. |
| Hot Head Press
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A type of pressing machine especially designed for processing durable press garments. It generates heat between 350–460°F, with pressure to six tons at the head, and is generally equipped with precision automatic controls. |
| Hot Mercerising |
The treatment of cellulosic fabric with a hot concentrated solution of caustic alkali to facilitate uniform penetration prior to cooling and stretching etc., so as to improve the degree of mercerisation. |
| Hot Notcher |
A machine with a heated blade, used for making position marks on the edge of cut fabric parts. |
| Hot Pressing |
A process for smoothing and possibly shaping textile products by applying mechanical pressure with heat, either dry, or in the presence of moisture. |
| Hottenroth Number
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A measure of the degree of ripening of viscose. |
| Hottenroth Number |
A measure of the degree of ripening of viscose, note: a hottenroth number is expressed as the number of milliliters of 10% ammonium chloride solution that it is necessary to add to a somewhat diluted viscose (solution) to induce incipient coagulation under standard conditions. |
| Hot Water Extraction |
A method of cleaning carpet by injecting a heated cleaning solution into the pile and quickly removing the solution and soil by vacuum. |
| Hounds Tooth |
A pointed broken check design. Most commonly a woven produced with contrasting yarns in groups or multiples of 4, woven in a 2x2 twill. Sometimes called Dog's tooth. |
| Houndstooth |
One of the most easily identifiable checks is the houndstooth or dogstooth check. This weave is produced in a pattern of four light and four dark yarns in both warp and weft. The gun club check is a variation of the houndstooth but using a different colour sequence traditionally on a light coloured ground. |
| Houndstooth |
A medium sized broken check effect that is knit into the fabric. |
| Hound's Tooth Check |
A variation on the twill weave construction in which a broken check effect is produced by a variation in the pattern of interlacing yarns, utilizing at least two different coloured yarns. |
| Hound's Tooth |
A pointed broken check design . Most commonly a woven produced with contrasting yarns in groups or multiples of 4, woven in a 2x2 twill. Sometimes called dogstooth. |
| Houndstooth |
Fibre: most commonly made with wool.
Weave: broken twill weave.
Characteristics: weaved into an irregular check of a four pointed star.
Uses: Sport coats, suits.
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| Houndstooth Check |
It has a four-pointed star check in a broken twill weave.
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| Hound's Tooth |
A medium-sized broken-check effect, often used in checks, clear-finish worsted, woollen dress goods etc. The weave used is a four-end twill based on a herringbone weave with four ends to the right, followed by four ends to the left. The colour is completely surrounded by white yarn, and the check is a four-pointed star, this two-up and two-down basic construction fabric is a staple in the fabric trade.
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| Hound's Tooth Check |
A small colour-and-weave effect in a fabric produced by a combination of 2/2 twill weave and a 4 and 4 order of coloring in warp and weft. |
| Houndstooth Check |
Synonym: DOGSTOOTH CHECK
A woven check fabric produced by a combination of weave and colour. Usually it has a pattern of four dark, four light yarns in both warp and weft on a 2/2 twill weave. The combination of interlacings and colour produces the well-known shape of check.
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| Houndstooth Check |
Synonym: DOGSTOOTH CHECK
It is a most common example of a woven check fabric produced in a combination of weave and colour. It has a four-pointed star check design in a broken twill weave, with medium-sized checks in which one of the colours used often being white. Used for men's sports suiting. The combination of interlacings and colour produces the well-known shape of check.
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| Housecoat |
A woman's often long-skirted informal garment for wear around the house |
| Housedress |
A dress with simple lines that is suitable for housework and is made usually of a washable fabric |
| Household Dye |
Also known as All-purpose dye, Union dye and Direct dye. Certain Dyes for multipurpose uses and on various fibres. |
| Housekeeping Defects In Garment |
1 Scissors or knife cut.
2 Tear.
3 Picked or pulled thread.
4 Hole, arising from faulty machine, faulty furniture, cigarette burn, etc.
5 Stains, biro ink, stamp ink, oil, dirt, food, human, bird, animal, rust, water and so on.
Thread ends not trimmed.
6 Shade marking tickets not removed from inside a lined garment.
7 Foreign bodies between lining and outer cloth, which can be felt or seen.
8 Incorrect label sewn on, or sewn on in wrong place.
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| HPPE |
High performance polyethylene |
| Huarache |
A low-heeled sandal having an upper made of interwoven leather strips |
| Huck |
Medium weight , flat, coarse, cotton-type fabric, usually with dobby design. The spun filling yarns have low twist to add to its absorbency. Used for towels, etc.
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| Huckaback |
A soft towelling fabric with short loosely twisted filling floats to aid absorption, and a Bird's eye or honeycomb surface texture. It is sometimes embroidered. |
| Huckaback |
An absorbent durable fabric of cotton, linen, or both used chiefly for towels. It is strong. Has variation in weaves but most have small squares on the surface that stand out from the background. Comes in white, colours, or coloured borders. Also stripes. The motif is made from a series of floats, some of them rather long, which gives a loose effect in certain areas. This, if well spaced, acts as a good absorbing agency.
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| Huckaback |
Linen or cotton fabric with a square weave, in which the yarns are twisted to add to its absorption qualities as it is used almost exclusively for towels in hotels, schools, etc. Is made in white or plain colours, sometimes with a woven contrast stripe or name included. Very hardwearing, and fairly stiff and heavy.
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| Huckaback |
A weave used principally for towels and glass-cloths in which a rough surface effect is created on a plain ground texture by weaving short floats, whereby warp floats are on one side of the fabric and weft floats are on the other. |
| Huckaback, Huck |
Cloth has a honeycomb effect; the filling yarns are slackly twisted to aid absorption. Material is heavy. This towelling often has the name of a hotel, school, etc. woven through the centre for recognition and to establish ownership. In white or colours, very absorbent, durable, serviceable for towels and will withstand rough use. Made of linen or cotton.
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| Huckaback |
A soft toweling fabric with short, loosely twisted filling floats to aid absorption, and a birdseye or honeycomb surface texture . It is sometimes embroidered.
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| Huckaback Weave |
Lengthwise, but interrupted ridges are formed by floats of warp threads on the surface of the cloth. Weave is used mainly for towels and glass-cloths. |
| Huck Towel |
A plain weave non-terry foundation product constructed with small warp and filling floats, having hems or selvedges, which is used to dry a person's hands and utensils such as glasses, plates, bowls, and flatware. |
| Hudsons Bay |
Synonym: POINT BLANKET
A well-milled and raised heavyweight blanket, made from coarse long-stapled wool, with a solid ground and coloured end border, or striped all over, or solid colour with darker end border. Near one corner a number of short stripes or 'points' are woven into the edge of the blanket at right angles to the selvedge. A 'point' stripe is about 11cm. long, and a 'half point' is about 6 cm. The 'point' system is used as an indication of blanker size.
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| Hue |
Synonym: TONE
The actual colour, which distinguishes a colour from others, e.g. red, yellow, blue, etc. The attribute of colour perception by means of which an object is judged to be red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet or a combination of these.
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| Hue |
That attribute of colour whereby it is recognized as being predominantly red, green, blue, yellow, violet, brown, bordeaux, etc. |
| Hue |
Is the shades and degrees of colour.
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| Hue |
Is one of the three measurable properties in a colour, hue being the name of a colour. The other two properties are value and intensity. |
| Hue |
The characteristic of colour described by the terms red, blue, yellow and green, etc. (White, grey, and black have no hues and are referred to as neutrals.)
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| Hue |
Is the shades and degrees of color.
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| Hue |
Knitted fabric that has an irregular raised surface, that gives the impression of blisters or swellings. The blisters, which give the special surface texture, are formed during the knitting of special yarns on selected cylinder needles only. A base yarn is employed to knit on dial and cylinder needles to form the base fabric. |
| Hue |
That attribute of colour whereby it is recognized as being predominantly red, green, blue, yellow, violet, brown, bordeaux, etc. |
| Hug-me-tight |
A woman's short usually knitted sleeveless close-fitting jacket. |
| Human Tissue Burn Tolerance |
The amount of thermal energy, which causes a second-degree burn in human tissue
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| Humeral Veil |
An oblong vestment worn around the shoulders and over the hands by a priest holding a sacred vessel
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| Humidity |
The condition of the atmosphere in respect to water vapour.
Compare Absolute humidity & Relative humidity
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| Hungback |
A light weight warp-backed or weft-backed overcoating fabric, usually 2/2 twill ground weave, made from woollen yarns, with extra 'hung' threads (cotton, silk, worsted or man-made fibres) forming checks or stripes on the back of the fabric. The 'hung' threads are finer than the ground threads and in the case of 2/2 twill ground weave will have a 3/1 (or 2/1) twill weave. |
| Hungry Cloth; Grinny Cloth |
The term used to describe a fabric with an unsatisfactory cover. It is sometimes said to be 'grinning'. |
| Hunter Green |
A dark yellowish green.
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| Hunter's Pink |
Brilliant scarlet velvet fabric worn by hunters. Also the name for the colour when used on any fabric. |
| Hurluberlu Or Hurlupe |
Appeared about 1671, a female hairstyle in which short curls covered the entire head. |
| Husks (silk) |
Silk waste remaining on cocoons at the bottom of the basin after reeling.
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| Husks (Silk) |
Silk waste remaining on cocoons at the bottom of the basin after reeling. |
| HWM Modal Fibre |
These fibres are characterized by High Wet Modulus, i.e. resistance to extension when wet, increased ratio of wet to dry breaking tenacity, increased resistance to swelling by caustic alkalis, high degree of polymerization of cellulose, and micro-fibrillar structure. These characteristics are shared with cotton and other natural cellulosic fibres, and for this reason H W M modal fibres are sometimes called 'artificial cotton'.
1. High Strength H W M fibres, which are characterized by high tenacities, dry, and wet.
2. Standard H W M fibres, which include the majority polynosic fibres.
3.High Elongation H W M fibres, are characterized by high elongations, dry and wet.
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| Hydro Entanglement |
A process for bonding a non-woven fabric by using high pressure water jets to intermingle the fibres. See spun lacing.
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| Hydroentangled Fabric |
A nonwoven fabric made from a fibre web or batt, in which entanglement by high-pressure water jets provides the bond.
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| Hydroextractor |
A machine used for removing excessive moisture from textile material. The cage revolves at very high speeds and moisture is removed by centrifugal force. |
| Hydroextraction |
A method of removing excess water and moisture from materials to facilitate the manipulation of fibres, yarns or fabrics. |
| Hydrolysis |
The chemical decomposition of a substance by water |
| Hydrolysis |
The reaction of a substance with water or its ions. |
| Hydrolysis |
The chemical decomposition of a substance by water.
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| Hydrolytic Stability |
The ability to withstand the environmental effects of high humidity.
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| Hydrometer |
A device for measuring the density or specific gravity, particularly of liquids and solutions.
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| Hydrometer |
A device used to measure the densities of liquids and solutions. |
| Hydrophilic |
Having an affinity for water. |
| Hydrophilic |
A term used to describe a substance, which tends to mix with or to be wetted by water. |
| Hydrophilic Fibers |
Fibres that absorb water easily, take longer to dry, and require more ironing |
| Hydrophilic Fibres |
Fibers, which absorb water readily, such as cotton, linen, or rayon. |
| Hydrophilic |
Having an affinity for water. |
| Hydrophilic-Finished Fabrics |
Synthetic-fibre fabrics characterized by increased absorbency, wettability and wicking, properties that have been achieved by treatment of the fabric with alkalis.
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| Hydrophobic |
A term used to describe a substance, which tends to repel or not to be wetted by water. Water repelling. |
| Hydroscopic |
Moisture retaining property. The ability of a fibre to absorb and retain moisture. Fibres possess this property in varying degrees.
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| Hydrophobic |
Having no affinity for water.
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| Hydrophobic Fibres |
Fibres which are normally non absorptive and repel water, such as nylon and polyester. By changing these characteristics through special finishes or treatments to the fibre the comfort factor of the fabric is enhanced. |
| Hydrostatic Test |
A test to determine the resistance of a fabric to penetration by water. |
| Hygral Expansion |
The reversible changes in length and width of fabrics containing hygroscopic fibres as a result of changes in regain. The reversible changes in length and width of fabrics containing hygroscopic fibres as a result of changes in regain.
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| Hygrometer |
Any instrument for measuring the humidity of the atmosphere.
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| Hygroscopic |
A material having a tendency to absorb water from the air. Fibres possess this property in varying degrees.
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| Hypo-allergetic |
A fibre or material is deemed hypo-allergenic. |
| Hypochlorite Bleaching |
The process of whitening textile fabrics by the use of solutions of chlorine. |
| Hypochrite |
SLaundries use this chemical to make denim jeans fade. Liquid bleach is usually an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite, and dry powdered bleaches contain chloride of lime (calcium hypochlorite). Because chlorine destroys silk and wool, commercial hypochlorite bleaches should never be used on these fibres.
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