| FABRIC |
An assembly of
fibres and/or yarns, which is generally in a sheet-like
form |
| FABRIC AIR-CONDITIONING |
A chemical process
in which short fuzzy fibres are sealed into a yarn or
are removed from the cloth to make the fabric more porous. |
| FABRIC CONSTRUCTION |
The term describes
the organisation of components and in weaving it describes
the weave. |
| FABRIC COUNT |
See Count in fabric. |
| FABRIC DESIGN |
See Design in fabrics. |
| FABRIC DIP |
In tyre fabrics,
a chemical composition that is applied to a textile cord
or fabric to improve its adhesion to rubber compounds |
| FABRIC EXTENSION |
The amount by which
a fabric extends |
| FABRIC FINISH |
See Fabric finishing. |
| FABRIC FINISHING |
Chemical and other
treatments used to modify the fabric to make it more capable
of fulfilling its function |
| FABRIC LENGTH |
The distance from
one end of a fabric to the other |
| FABRIC PERFORMANCE
CHARACTERISTICS |
The performance
specification requirements for fabrics, meant for various
end uses, are usually guided by the internationally approved
'Standard performance specifications'. |
| FABRIC PERFORMANCE
CRTS |
The performance
specification requirements for fabrics, meant for various
end uses, are usually guided by the internationally approved
'Standard performance specifications' |
| FABRIC PORES |
Orifices in the
fabric. |
| FABRIC ROOF SYSTEM |
A system of coated
fabric or laminated fabric along with support cables |
| FABRIC SOFTNERS |
Chemical compounds
usually added to the final rinse, for improving the soft
feel of fabrics |
| FABRIC STABILITY |
In fabrics, the
property denoting the ability to resist slippage of yarn
segments in one direction over yarn segments in the opposite
direction. (Compare Stable fabric.) |
| FABRIC STRETCH |
The increase in
length of a specimen of a fabric |
| FABRIC STRUCTURE |
See Fabric construction. |
| FABRIC WEIGHT |
Mass per unit area |
| FABRIC WEIGHT CONVERSION
FORMULA |
See under Fabric
weight. |
| FABRIC WIDTH |
WIDTH OF A FABRIC.
It is the distance from the outer edge of one selvedge
to the outer edge of the other selvedge |
| FABROGRAPHY |
The science and
art of creating and printing designs on textiles |
| FACE |
That side of a
fabric, which is intended to be shown by reason of weave
or finish, presents a better appearance. |
| FACE FABRIC |
See under Back-grey |
| FACE FINISH |
A finish, which
obscures weave and yarns by fulling and napping |
| FACE LOOP |
See under Knitted
loop. |
| FACE PLATE |
In sewing machine,
the cover on the sewing-head end of the machine arm. |
| FACE SIDE |
Also called Right
side. |
| FACED CLOTH |
Clothes, which
have a different weave (pile) or finish (nap) on the face
side as opposed to the reverse and are cut 'one-way'. |
| FACING |
The additional
piece of fabric attached to the upper surface of a garment. |
| FACING RIBBON |
See Faille ribbon. |
| FACING SILK |
A fine lustrous
fabric of silk |
| FAÇONNÉ |
French for 'fancy
weave', but has come to describe the plain colour fabrics
of soft floppy crêpe with satin or taffeta effect
patterns. |
| FAÇONNÉ
VELVET |
Patterned velvet
fabric of various fibres |
| FADE-O-METER |
A standard laboratory
device for evaluating a fabric's fastness of colour to
sunlight. |
| FADING |
1. In fastness
testing, any change in the colour of a textile caused
by light or contaminants in the atmosphere, e.g. burnt-gas
fumes. 2. Colloquially, a reduction in depth or brightness
of colour of a textile, irrespective of cause. |
| FAG |
Fabric defect |
| FAGOT STITCH |
A form of lockstitch,
using a modified zigzag machine, used principally in the
corsetry industry, for joining material, allowing a narrow
gap between the two edges. |
| FAILLE |
Plain weave fabric
with pronounced ribs across it |
| FAILLE CRÊPE |
Smooth, rich fabric
resembling Crêpe de Chine, but heavier. |
| FAILLE RIBBON |
Also called Facing
ribbon. |
| FAILLE TAFFETA |
Taffeta weave fabric
made from silk or synthetic fibres |
| FAILURE |
An arbitrary point
beyond which a material ceases to be functionally capable
of its intended use. |
| FAIR ISLE KNIT |
Knitted fabric
with coloured patterns resembling Fair Isle. |
| FAKE FUR |
See Fur fabric. |
| FAKE FURS |
Pile fabrics made
of cotton, man-made fibres, and blends |
| FALL |
The section of
the collar between the crease and the leaf edge. |
| FALL PLATE FABRIC |
A patterned fabric
made on a raschel warp-knitting machine |
| FALL-ON EFFECT |
In printing, two
colours of overlapping pattern |
| FALLEN WOOL |
See Dead wool. |
| FALLS |
The flap covering
the abdomen on certain types of breeches and trousers,
now uncommon |
| FALSE REED |
A reed, used in
addition to an ordinary reed, to keep the threads of a
fibrous or high-sett warp separated. |
| FALSE TWIST DIRECTION |
The direction,
S or Z, of twist generated by a false-twisting device
upstream of itself. |
| FALSE TWISTING |
A twisting operation
applied at an intermediate position on a yarn |
| FALSE-TWIST TEXTURING |
See under Texturing |
| FANCY ATLAS FABRIC |
A warp-knitted
fabric similar in construction to a single or two bar
atlas fabric |
| FANCY BACK |
A fabric made with
a pattern on the back, which differs from the face, often
the back is of another colour, a plaid, etc |
| FANCY PURL |
Also known as Links-links |
| FANCY RIB WEAVE |
A rib weave in
which the float length is varied to change the width of
the ribs to give a patterned ef-fect. |
| FANCY WEAVE |
Any weave, which
is not one of the three basic weaves, plain, twill or
satin, but a combination or extension of these weaves. |
| FANCY YARN |
A yarn which differs
from the normal construction due to irregularities produced
in it |
| FASCIATED YARN |
Staple fibre yarn,
that by virtue of its manufacturing technique consists
of a core of essentially parallel fibres bound together
by wrapper fibres. |
| FASHION |
The prevailing
style or mode in dress |
| FASHIONED |
A description of
a knitted garment in which shaping by narrowing or widening
has been achieved on the knitting machine. |
| FASHIONING ANGLE |
The angle formed
at the edge of a piece of fashioned fabric |
| FASHIONING FREQUENCY |
The number of courses
between two succeeding fashionings within a series. |
| FAST COLOUR |
A colour that will
resist colour-destroying agents such as sunlight, washing,
dry-cleaning and rubbing. |
| FAST DYE |
A dye that does
not change shade appreciably during the life of the material
on which it is used. |
| FAST REED |
A reed rigidly
mounted in the loom sley |
| FASTENERS |
Fasteners are used
as garment closures. |
| FASTNESS |
See Colour fastness. |
| FATIGUE FACTOR |
The weakening of
a stretch yarn so that it loses some of its ability to
recover after having been stretched. |
| FBA |
See Fluorescent
brightening agent |
| FDY |
See Fully drawn
yarn |
| FEARNOUGHT |
A stout, thick,
woollen fabric with a heavy appearance |
| FEATHER CLOTH |
A novelty fabric |
| FEATHER FIBRE |
Detached barbs
of feathers |
| FEATHER PROTEIN
FIBRES |
See under Regenerated
protein fibres |
| FEATHER STITCH |
A decorative stitch,
principally used in corsetry |
| FEATHERS |
The outgrowth forming
the contour and external covering of fowl. |
| FEATHUR STUFFINGS |
The plumage of
chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese, used for filling pillows. |
| FEED |
In sewing machine,
a mechanism for repeatedly moving material being stitched
from one stitch position to the next. |
| FEED-DOGS |
In sewing machine,
toothed metal devices positioned under or over the work
that advance the fabric components during stitching. |
| FEED-OFF-ARM BED |
In sewing machine,
a horizontal U-shaped bed |
| FEEDER |
The collective
mechanisms on a knitting machine that produce a course
of loops |
| FEEDER VARIATION |
See Machine barré. |
| FEEDING FOOT |
In sewing machine,
a presser foot |
| FEEL |
See under Finish. |
| FELL |
The edge of the
cloth in the loom |
| FELLING |
The operation of
over-sewing a piece of material by its edge (raw or turned
in) upon the body material. |
| FELLING MARK |
indicate the length
of the piece in which the fabric is sold |
| FELLING SIMILI |
See Simili binding
under Binding. |
| FELT |
A type of textile
fabric characterised by the densely matted condition of
most of or all of the fibres of which it is composed. |
| FELT FABRIC |
This is an ordinary
woven fabric, usually cotton or wool, |
| FELTABILITY |
The degree to which
a sample of fibres will consolidate in a specified time
by interlocking under prescribed combinations of mechanical
action, chemical action, moisture, and heat. |
| FELTED YARN |
A wool-rich yarn
produced from sliver, slubbings, rovings, yarn, or by
felting. See also Continuous yarn felting |
| FELTER |
Also called Fray |
| FELTING |
The matting together
of fibres during processing, wear or washing. |
| FELTING DIMENSIONAL
CHANGE |
The irreversible
dimensional change that occurs in a consolidated wool
fabric |
| FELTING NEEDLE |
See Needlefelt
needle. |
| FENTS |
Also called Bribe.
Short lengths of fabric cut from an end, piece, or lump
of fabric. |
| FEP FIBRE |
Fluorinated ethylene-propylene
copolymer fibres |
| FIBER |
Same as Fibre. |
| FIBRAMINE |
A viscose rayon
into which, casein has been incorporated. |
| FIBRE |
A unit of matter,
which possesses the properties of fineness, flexibility
and a high ratio of length to thickness. The basic complete,
or smallest unit used in a textile structure. |
| FIBRE BIREFRINGENCE |
See also Birefringence |
| FIBRE COHESION |
Also called Cling
and Drag |
| FIBRE CONTENT |
The type and amount
of fibre(s) used in making a textile product. |
| FIBRE CRIMP |
The waviness of
a fibre expressed as waves or crimps per unit length |
| FIBRE CROSS-SECTION |
Fibres are made
in a variety of cross-sectional shapes, and this has very
important effect on fibre properties. |
| FIBRE DENSITY |
Mass per unit volume
of the solid matter, which a fibre is composed of, measured
under specified conditions. |
| FIBRE DIAGRAM |
See under Fibre
length. |
| FIBRE EXTENT |
See under Fibre
length. |
| FIBRE FINENESS |
The fineness of
cotton, silk and man-made fibres is usually expressed
in terms of average linear density. |
| FIBRE FINISH |
Process of application
of a coating of chemical compound(s) on a fibre to improve
lubrication and prevent electrification. |
| FIBRE GENERIC NAME |
A name used to
distinguish a class of textile fibre from others |
| FIBRE LENGTH |
The distance between
the ends of a fibre when measured under specified conditions. |
| FIBRE LENGTH ARRAY |
A series of individual
fibres that are arranged in order based on fibre length |
| FIBRE MIGRATION |
The change in the
distance of a fibre or filament from the axis of a yarn
during production. |
| FIBRE MORPHOLOGY |
The form and structure
of a fibre, including its biological structure, shape,
cross-section, and microscopic appearance |
| FIBRE NUMBER |
The linear density
of a fibre expressed in units such as tex or denier. |
| FIBRE OPTICS |
Application to
image transmission of the ability of transparent dielectric
fibres of glass or plastics to conduct light internally
along their length in a flexible path |
| FIBRE PORES |
Orifices in the
fibre |
| FIBRE PROPERTIES |
The performance
of fabrics are relative to the properties of fibres used
in it. |
| FIBRE QUALITY INDEX |
A numerical value
indicating the processability of cotton |
| FIBRE ROPE |
A compact but flexible
torsionally balanced, continuous structure of natural
or man-made fibres |
| FIBRE ULTIMATE |
That unit cell
beyond which subdivision is not possible without loss
of a fibre's identity. |
| FIBREFILL |
Virgin man-made
fibres especially engineered |
| FIBRID |
A netted filamentary
or fibrillar structure, substantially longer in one dimension
than in the other two |
| FIBRIL |
A small fibre;
bundles of fibre cells. |
| FIBRILLAE |
See also Lousiness. |
| FIBRILLATED YARN |
A yarn produced
by the process of fibrillation. |
| FIBRILLATED-FILM
FIBRE |
Staple fibre produced
by cutting, chopping or stretch-breaking fibrillated yarn
or fibrillated-film tow. |
| FIBRILLATED-FILM
TOW |
An assembly of
fibrillated textile films |
| FIBRILLATED-FILM
YARN |
Yarn produced from
fibrillating film |
| FIBRILLATING FILM |
A polymer film
in which molecular orientation has been induced by stretching |
| FIBRILLATION |
The process of
splitting a longitudinally oriented fibre, textile film
or tape into a network of interconnected fibres. |
| FIBRING OFF |
The involuntary
removal of fibre or lint from yarns during processing. |
FIBRO
FIBRO |
Trade name for
a viscose staple fibre |
| FIBROGRAM |
See under Fibre
length. |
| FIBROGRAPH |
An instrument containing
a photoelectric eye |
| FIBROIN |
The chief ingredient
of silk |
| FIBRONAIRE |
An instrument which,
determines the micronaire reading of raw cotton fibres |
| FIBROUS |
Containing, consisting
of, or like, fibres. |
| FIDDLE STRING |
Fabric defect. |
| FIGURED FABRIC |
A fabric, in which
patterns or motifs are produced by a combination of distinct
weaves usually requiring a dobby or jacquard mechanism. |
| FIGURING |
The application
of fancy effects to woven cloth. |
| FIJI SILK |
Crisp silk, heavier
than Jap, and therefore much more expensive. |
| FILAMEL |
See under Antistatic
tricot. |
| FILAMENT |
Continuous fibre
of indefinite length. |
| FILAMENT BLEND
YARN |
Entirely new type
of yarn may be produced by mingling together filaments
of different fibres. A filament blend yarn can be produced
by twisting together rayon filaments and nylon filaments. |
| FILAMENT COUNT |
The number of filaments
that make up a yarn. |
| FILAMENT FIBRES |
Long, continuous
fibres that can be measured in metres or yards or, in
case of man-made fibres, in kilometres or miles. |
| FILAMENT YARN |
A yarn composed
of one or more (continuous) filaments |
| FILAMENTATION |
A fibrous or hairy
appearance due to broken filaments on the surface of a
yarn package or fabric. |
| FILATURE |
Factory for reeling
raw silk in to skeins from the cocoons. |
| FILATURE SILK |
A raw silk, which
is reeled by machinery, as distinct from silk prepared
by hand in cottage industry. |
| FILET LACE |
Mesh fabric of
square design |
| FILET NET |
LACE. Furnishing
and Leavers lace. |
| FILL LEAKAGE |
In comforters,
either partial or total penetration of the stuffing material
through the outer or face fabric. |
| FILLER |
Nonfibrous material,
such as insoluble clays or gypsum, together with starches,
gums, etc., added to a fabric to increase its weight |
| FILLER FABRIC |
See under Tyre
textiles.. |
| FILLER YARN |
See Stuffer yarn. |
| FILLING |
Another name for
Weft. |
| FILLING BAND |
Defect in woven
fabrics. |
| FILLING BAR |
Defect in woven
fabrics. |
| FILLING ELONGATION
& TENSION |
Stretch or tension
measured at right angles to the warp direction of the
fabric. |
| FILLING FACE |
That weave in which
the face of the fabric is formed by the weft yarns. |
| FILLING FACE TWILL |
A twill fabric
in which the weft yarns float on the face of the fabric
more than the warp yarns. |
| FILLING MATERIAL |
The contents of
an industry product containing feathers or down |
| FILLING RIB WEAVE |
A fabric in which
the warp yarns are grouped together |
| FILLING RUN OUT |
See Broken pick. |
| FILLING SATEEN |
A sateen fabric
in which the weft yarns float on the face of the fabric
more than the warp yarns. |
| FILLING SATIN |
A satin fabric
in which the weft yarns float on the face of the fabric
more than the warp yarns. |
| FILLING SNARL |
See Kink-in. |
| FILLING YARN |
See Filling. |
| FILLING-TO-FILLING
SEAM |
A sewn seam |
| FILTER CLOTH |
Fabric used for
filtering purposes |
| FINAL PRESSING
DEFECTS IN GARMENT |
See under Garment
defects, classified |
| FINAL TWIST |
The number of turns
per unit length in a single yarn component of a plied
yarn |
| FINDINGS |
Supplementary fabrics |
| FINE |
Also called Fine
wool. |
| FINE DRAWING |
The final operation
of repairing faults in fabrics |
| FINE END |
Fabric defect. |
| FINE FILLING |
See Thin filling. |
| FINE FILLING BAR |
Fabric defect. |
| FINE PICK |
See Thin filling. |
| FINE WOOL |
See Fine |
| FINENESS |
In fibres, a relative
measure of size, diameter, linear density, or mass per
unit length expressed in a variety of units |
| FINGER MARK |
Fabric defect. |
| FINGER PRESSING |
Applying pressure
on damp fabric with fingers |
| FINGERING YARNS |
A soft yarn of
two or more ply produced for hand knitting. |
| FINGERTIP TOWEL |
See under Towel. |
| FINISH |
Treatment of a
fabric to impart, a desired surface effect, such as napping,
calendering, embossing, lacquering, or crinkling. |
| FINISHED FABRIC
WEIGHT |
Mass per unit area
expressed in grams per square metre |
| FINISHED GOODS |
Converted fabrics. |
| FINISHED WIDTH |
The width of a
fabric after it has completed the finishing operations
and is ready for use. |
| FINISHED YIELD |
In knitted fabrics,
the number of finished square yards per pound (square
meters per kilogram) of finished fabric |
| FINISHING |
See Fabric finishing. |
| FINISHING BAR |
Fabric defect. |
| FINISHING PROCESSES |
Conversion of loom
state grey cloth |
| FINISHING SPOT |
Also called Blotch
and Stain. Fabric defect. |
| FIQUE |
A fibre from the
leaf of the plant 'Furcraea macrophylla' |
| FIRE |
Uncontrolled conflagration
in which materials are destroyed by burning as evidenced
by flames of varying size and shape, and a high intensity
heat source. |
| FIRE PROOF |
Uncontrolled conflagration |
| FIRE RETARDANCE |
The resistance
to combustion of a material |
| FIRE RETARDANT
TREATMENT |
Any process such
as spraying, padding, dipping, brushing to reduce flammability |
| FIRMNESS FACTOR |
It may be referred
to as a percentage of the maximum possible cover factor
for a particular weave structure (percentage cover). |
| FIRSTS |
An inspection classification
for fabrics |
| FISH |
A dart cut at the
waist of a garment to give a closer fit |
| FISH EYE |
See Pinhole. See
also Snag |
| FISH EYE CLOTH |
Fabric with a woven
diamond-effect pattern |
| FISHNET |
A weft-knitted
fabric resembling a fine-meshed net construction |
| FITTED SHEET |
See under Sheeting. |
| FIXED RETAINER |
In zippers, a device
permanently attached to the retainer pin at the bottom
of one stringer. |
| FIXING |
1. Setting dye
after dyeing, usually by steaming or hot wash. 2. Converting
soluble dye into an insoluble form. |
| FIXING AGENT |
Chemicals used
in dyeing and printing to convert a soluble dye into an
insoluble form in or on the fibre. |
| FLAGGING |
Setting dye after
dyeing |
| FLAKE YARN |
A novelty ply yarn
in which flakes or tufts of roving appear at intervals. |
| FLAME |
A hot, luminous
zone of gas or matter in gaseous suspension |
| FLAME RESISTANCE |
The property of
a material whereby flaming combustion is prevented, terminated,
or inhibited |
| FLAME SPREAD |
In flammability
testing of fabric, the propagation of a flame away from
the source of ignition. |
| FLAME-RESISTANT
FABRIC |
Fabric having flame
resistance. |
| FLAME-RETARDANT |
A chemical used
to impart flame resistance. |
| FLAME-RETARDANT-TREATMENT |
A process for incorporating
or adding flame retardant(s) to a material or product. |
| FLAMEPROOF FABRIC |
A fabric, which
does not propagate flame, |
| FLAMMABILITY |
Those characteristics
of a material that pertain to its relative ease of ignition
and relative ability to sustain combustion |
| FLAMMABLE TEXTILE |
Any combustible
textile that burns with a flame |
| FLAMMÉ |
Woollen dress
fabric made from printed yarns. |
| FLANGE LOCK SLIDER |
In zippers. a slider
with notches in the flanges of the slider |
| FLANGES |
In zippers, the
edges of the slider formed to contain the chain. |
| FLANNEL |
The original was
an all-wool, underwear fabric, dull-surfaced, slightly
fuzzy, rather coarse and scratchy, but now top class flannel
is in all-wool or worsted fibre, of plain or twill weave,
the yarns milled during manufacture, soft and full in
handle with good draping properties |
| FLANNELETTE |
Lightweight imitation
of wool flannel fabric. Flannelette is made from cotton,
viscose, modal or mixtures. |
| FLANNELETTE SHEETING |
Sheeting made of
cotton and slightly brushed for warmth. |
| FLAP |
A shaped piece
of material, which provides a covering for a pocket mouth,
or for ornamentation. |
| FLARE |
In cord, the spreading
of the filaments at the cut end of a strand |
| FLASH CURING |
See under Curing. |
| FLASH SPINNING |
A modification
of the dry spinning method in which a solution of a polymer
is extruded at a temperature well above its boiling point |
| FLASH SPUN FABRIC |
A non-woven formed
from the fibrillation of an extruded film by the rapid
evaporation of solvent. |
| FLASH-AGEING |
In textile wet
processing, the fixation by means of a swift passage through
an inexpensive 'ager equipment' |
| FLAT |
See Wrong draw. |
| FLAT BED |
In sewing machine,
a type of bed |
| FLAT DUCK |
Duck fabric having
the warp of two single yarns woven as one |
| FLAT FABRIC |
A two-dimensional
woven or knitted fabric that has no pile loops. |
| FLAT HEM |
In garment, a hemming
method |
| FLAT KNIT |
Knitting done in
a flat form |
| FLAT KNIT FABRIC |
Knitting done in
a flat form |
| FLAT KNITTING MACHINES |
A weft-knitting
machine |
| FLAT METAL YARN |
A yarn consisting
of one or more continuous lengths of metal strip |
| FLAT SETTING |
The setting of
fabric at open-width. |
| FLAT SHEET |
See under Sheeting. |
| FLAT YARN |
See Twistless yarn. |
| FLAT-FELLED SEAM |
A complex seam
formed on the outside of an object with raw edges enclosed
and two rows of machine stitching visible on the face
side. |
| FLAT-SCREEN PRINTING |
The mechanical
method by which the cloth is printed using a number of
stationary flat screens of a rectangular shape, working
in a line. |
| FLATLOCK SEAM |
A butt seam formed
using a flatlock stitch. |
| FLAX |
Name of the basic
fibre from which linen yarns and fabrics are made. |
| FLAX CANVAS |
See also Linen
canvas. |
| FLAX SPUN |
A term applied
to staple yarn that has been prepared and spun on machinery
originally designed for spinning yarns from flax. |
| FLAX, GREEN |
See Green flax |
| FLÈCHAGE |
A term applied
to staple yarn |
| FLECK |
A defect in yarn
or cloth caused by spots of various kinds |
| FLECK YARN |
A type of fancy
yarn. |
| FLEECE |
Fibrous covering
of a sheep or similar animal. |
| FLEECE WOOL |
Any wool as shorn
from a living sheep. |
| FLEECED |
Term applied to
fabric that has a napped surface |
| FLEECY |
Term used to describe
the feel and implied warmth of any fuzzy surfaced fabric. |
| FLEECY FABRIC |
A plain, weft-knitted
fabric with a ground yarn and in which a yarn of low twist,
secured by a binder, appears on the back of the fabric
and may be brushed or raised. |
| FLEECY LINING |
See under Fleecy. |
| FLEXIBILITY |
That property of
a fabric by virtue of which it may be flexed or bowed
repeatedly without undergoing rupture. |
| FLEXIBLE RAPIER |
A flexible long
thin blade |
| FLEXIBLE RAPIER
LOOM |
A loom using flexible
rapiers. |
| FLEXOGRAPHY |
Printing from rubber
rollers cut in relief. |
| FLEXURAL RIGIDITY |
Resistance of textiles
to bending. |
| FLIPPER FABRIC |
See Filler Fabric
under Tyre Textiles. |
| FLOAT |
1. In the woven
fabric, a yarn, which passes over two or more crosswise
yarns.
2. In warp-knitted fabric, a length of yarn not received
by a needle and connecting two loops of nonconsecutive
courses. |
| FLOATING FIBRE
INDEX |
See under Fibre
length. |
| FLOCK |
Very short fibres
obtained by reducing textile fibres to fragments |
| FLOCK DOT |
Dots or figures
of flock applied to a fabric with paste, adhesive, or
rubber cement. |
| FLOCK PRINTING |
A way of decorating
fabric. |
| FLOCKED BLANKET |
See under Blanket. |
| FLOCKED FABRIC |
Many fabrics may
be 'flocked' with very short fibres stuck to it and their
characteristic is that the right side of the fabric has
tufts of fibres added in dots or patterns. |
| FLOCKING |
A process by which
weight is added to woollens |
| FLOÇONNÉ |
A French term for
flaked yarn or fabric. |
| FLOODSTROKE |
A single stroke
(or passage of the squeegee) made while the screens are
raised from the table, in flat screen-printing. |
| FLOOR COVERING |
An essentially
planar material |
| FLOORING MATERIAL |
Any pliable planar
structure used as a base surface in camping tentage |
| FLOPPED |
A form of packaging
of a long length of fabric. |
| FLORENTINE |
Heavy grey woven
3/1 twill cotton fabric, used for overalls and uniforms |
| FLOSS |
A silky embroidery
yarn. |
| FLOUNCE |
A ruffled drop
on a bedcovering. |
| FLOUNCING |
Fabric of any type
of fibre which has one selvedge shaped in scallops. |
| FLUID-JET LOOM |
See under Shuttleless
loom. |
| FLUIDITY |
Fluidity of a cellulose
solution |
| FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENING
AGENT |
A decorative lace |
| FLUORESCENT DYES |
Dyes which reflect
more light than conventional dyes. |
| FLUORESCENT WHITENING
AGENT |
These colourless
compounds are used for imparting outstanding whiteness
to textiles. |
| FLUOROCARBON FIBRE |
All fibres with
a high proportion of fluorine atoms as substituents on
the carbon chain of a polymer molecule. |
| FLUOROFIBRE |
A term used to
describe fibres composed of linear macromolecules made
from fluorocarbon aliphatic monomers. |
| FLUOROPOLYMER FIBRE |
See Fluorocarbon
fibre. |
| FLUSHING |
A heavy woollen
coating cloth originally made in Flushing, Holland. |
| FLY |
A fabric-covered
opening, to conceal a fastening (e.g. buttons, zip). |
| FLY CATCH |
See Catch. |
| FLY SHIELD |
A piece of fabric
that extends beyond the zipper teeth on the underlapping
side of a fly-front zipper application |
| FLY SHOT LOOM |
A multi-piece weaving
machine for narrow fabrics |
| FLY-FRONT APPLICATION |
A method of zipper
application, in which the zipper is concealed by a wide
flap of fabric and a fabric shield covers the back of
the zipper. |
| FLYER |
See Loom fly |
| FLYER SPINNING |
A spinning system
in which yarn passes through a revolving flyer leg guide
on to the package |
| FLYLINE |
The line of the
fly fastening from the centre of the fork to the top of
the waistband on a pair of trou-sers. |
| FOAM |
A dispersion of
a gas in a liquid or solid. |
| FOAM BONDING |
A method of making
non-woven fabrics |
| FOAM TEAR |
In laminated fabrics,
a condition wherein the foam portion of the fabric ruptures
prior to the failure of the bond. |
| FOAM-BACKED FABRIC |
See Laminates. |
| FOGMARKING |
The soiling of
textiles during processing by deposition of atmospheric
dirt. |
| FOLD |
To combine by twisting
together two or more single yarns to form a fodder yarn. |
| FOLDED SELVEDGE |
See Curled selvedge. |
| FOLDED YARN |
Also called Doubled
yarn and Plied yarn. |
| FOLDER |
A machine for
measuring and folding piece goods. |
| FOLDING DEFECTS
IN GARMENT |
See under Garment
defects, classified. |
| FOLK WEAVE |
Loosely woven,
coarse yarn fabrics with a woven pattern often including
several colours. |
| FONDU |
See Rainbowing. |
| FORCE |
A physical influence
exerted by one body on another |
| FORCE AT BREAK |
See Breaking force. |
| FORCE-AT-RUPTURE |
The force applied
to a material immediately preceding rupture. |
| FOREIGN BODY |
Fabric defect.
An inclusion of non-textile matter. |
| FOREIGN FIBRES |
Fabric defect |
| FOREIGN MATTER |
In cotton, non-lint
material commonly referred to as waste or trash such as
dust, sand, seed-coat fragments, leaves, and stems normally
present in raw and partially processed cotton. |
| FOREPARTS |
The fronts of a
jacket or coat. |
| FORK |
See also Crutch. |
| FORK QUANTITY |
The allowance of
material in bifurcated garments |
| FORM |
In hat manufacture,
the production of a loosely constructed cone of fur |
| FORMED FABRIC |
An assembly of
textile fibres held together by such techniques as the
mechanical interlocking of fibres in a web, by fusing
of thermoplastic fibre, or by bonding fibres with added
adhesive substance. |
| FORMED YARN |
See Plied yarn |
| FORTUNE |
A combination yarn
fabric |
| FOULARD |
Soft, printed,
lightweight plain or twill-weave fabric, which can be
made of silk, acetate, viscose, polyester or triacetate |
| FOULÉ |
A fabric in twill
weave with a finish that is neither sheared nor singed. |
| FOUNDATION NET |
See under Ground. |
| FOUR-HARNESS SATIN |
See under Crowfoot. |
| FOX |
The fur is blue-gray,
red or silver in colour, the tail is often used as trimming
and an interesting effect is achieved by adding the fur
from the paws. |
| FOY |
See Fully oriented
yarn |
| FRAME YARN |
Pile yarn in a
Wilton carpet type. |
| FRANCIES |
Fabrics, which
are woven or coloured in patterns |
| FRAY |
See Felter. |
| FREE ALKALI |
Caustic soda and
caustic potash that have not been united with any neutralising
substance. |
| FREE DYE CONTAMINATION |
An impurity of
the drycleaning solvent; known as dye bleeding that occurs
most often in hot, summer months. |
| FREE-FIBRE-END
YARN |
An air-jet textured
yarn in which the protruding filament loops are cut or
broken. |
| FRENCH BACK WEAVE |
See Backed cloth
weave. |
| FRENCH CLEANING |
Drycleaning was
originally known as 'French cleaning'. |
| FRENCH CRÊPE |
Very soft lightweight,
inexpensive fabric |
| FRENCH CRÊPE
CORD |
See under Cable
cord. |
| FRENCH DOUBLE PIQUÉ |
See under Double
piqué. |
| FRENCH KNOT |
A decorative embroidery
stitch |
| FRENCH SEAM |
A complex seam
formed on the inside of the object with both raw edges
enclosed and no stitching rows visible on the face side. |
| FRENCH SERGE |
Very superior quality
serge fabric |
| FRENCH TACK |
A method of attaching
one part of a garment to another |
| FRENCH WELT |
See Tubular welt
under Welt. |
| FRICTION |
In physics, friction
is the force that opposes the relative motion of two bodies
in contact. |
| FRICTION CALENDERING |
The process of
passing fabric through a calender |
| FRICTION SPINNING |
A method of open-end
spinning which uses the external surface of two rotating
rollers to collect and twist individual fibres into yarn |
| FRICTION TOWEL |
A terry cloth with
linen pile |
| FRICTION TWISTING |
The generation
of false-twist |
| FRICTIONAL CONSTRAINT |
The force imposed
by the multitude of fibre-to-fibre contacts within a fabric. |
| FRIEZE |
Named after Friesland
in Holland, it is a heavy woollen overcoating |
| FRIGIDINESS |
A type of haircloth. |
| FRINGE |
An edging or border
of loose threads, tassels, or loops |
| FRINGED EMBROIDERY |
Base fabric, usually
synthetic, with fringing on one edge |
| FRISE |
See Frieze |
| FRISONS |
Also called Kibisu,
Knubbs, Strusa. |
| FRISURE |
A core yarn made
with gold or silver thread wound around the central thread. |
| FRIZZING |
A finishing process
employed on wool chinchilla fabric. |
| FROCKING |
A coarse cotton
cloth such as denim, drill, dungaree, jean, or fustain,
etc. |
| FROG POCKET |
A trouser pocket
opening |
| FRONT BREAKPOINT |
Garment-related
term. |
| FRONT RISE |
The distance on
a garment from the crutch to the centre front of the waistline |
| FROSTED YARN |
A flecked yarn
spun from a blend of acetate staple and cotton or rayon
staple. |
| FROSTING |
Also called Colour
abrasion. |
| FUGITIVE DYE |
See Fugitive tint. |
| FUGITIVE TINT |
A colorant lacking
durability to one or more of the various colour destroying
agents such as sunlight or washing. |
| FUJI |
Should be pure
silk, but may be imitated in viscose, acetate, triacetate
yarn. |
| FULL BUST GIRTH |
Garment-related
term. |
| FULL CARDIGAN RIB |
See Polka rib. |
| FULL-BLEACH FINISH |
The process of
bleaching cotton textile goods to a clear white. |
| FULLING |
A finishing process
in the woollen industry, which involves the application
of moisture, heat, friction and pressure. |
| FULLNESS |
The additional
amount of one of the fabrics joined at a seam, which is
allowed, in order to create the desired shape in a part
of a finished garment, e.g. a sleeve head. |
| FULLY CUT GARMENT |
Fully cut is a
class of knitted garment derived from piece goods. All
the edges of the pieces of the garment are cut. The term
'fully cut' describes the processes most akin to making
garments from woven fabric. |
| FULLY DRAWN YARN |
See Fully oriented
yarn. |
| FULLY FASHIONED
GARMENT |
Fully fashioned
are garments constructed from garment portions of weft
knitted fabric having shaped selvages. |
| FULLY FASHIONING |
In weft knitting,
a term applied to garment portions in which the parts
are shaped by widening and/or narrowing by loop transference
to increase or decrease the number of wales |
| FULLY ORIENTED
YARN |
Also called Fully
drawn yarn. |
| FUME FADING |
See Atmospheric
fading. |
| FUNICULI |
See Funiculus. |
| FUNICULUS |
The slender stalk
of an ovule or seed |
| FUR |
The fine, soft,
dense hair covering of certain mammals |
| FUR FABRIC |
Also called Fake
furs. |
| FUR FELT |
Sometimes rabbit,
rat and beaver hairs are added to felt to give a sheen
and surface texture. |
| FUR TRIMMING |
Fur strips cut
in lengths or taken from a roll according to requirements. |
| FURNISHING BRUSH/ROLLER |
The brush/roller
that rotates in the colour trough |
| FURNISHING FABRICS |
A term for decorative
fabrics of all kinds, such as upholstery and drapery. |
| FURNITURE CORD |
See Upholstery
cord |
| FURNITURE COVERING |
A general term
for attached upholstery fabric, slipcovers and throws. |
| FUSE |
To melt with the
application of heat. |
| FUSED COLLAR FABRIC |
Specially prepared
interlining for shirt collars. It is bonded or fused to
the two outer plies of the collar by the application of
solvents, heat and pressure. |
| FUSED FABRIC |
A type of bonded
fabric |
| FUSED SELVEDGE |
See under Selvedge |
| FUSIBLE FABRIC |
A utilitarian fabric
which has a thermoplastic adhesive applied to one side |
| FUSIBLE INTERLINING |
An interlining
fabric |
| FUSING |
The action of bonding
a fusible interlining to a garment piece, by the action
of heat and pressure. |
| FUSING DEFECTS
IN GARMENT |
See under Garment
defects, classified. |
| FUSTIAN |
Any class of hard-wearing
type of clothing fabric, heavily wefted, made from different
natural fibres mostly cotton |
| FUSTIC |
A natural yellow
dyestuff |
| FUZZ |
Untangled fibre
ends that protrude from the surface of a yarn or fabric. |
| FUZZ BALL |
Fabric defect |
| FUZZING |
A fabric condition
characterised by a hairy appearance due to broken fibres
or filaments. |
| FUZZY |
See Fuzzing. |
| FUZZY PATTERN |
Printing defect. |
| FWA |
See Fluorescent
whitening agent. |
