| ECCENTRIC YARN |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A type of fancy
yarn. |
A type of fancy
yarn. It is an undulating gimp yarn, usually produced
by binding an irregular yarn, such as a stripe or slub,
in the direction opposite to the initial stage, to create
graduated half-circular loops along the compound yarn. |
| ÉCRU |
fibers, filaments,
yarns, fabrics |
The colour of fibres,
yarns, or fabrics that have not been subjected to processes
affecting their natural colour. |
The colour of fibres,
yarns, or fabrics that have not been subjected to processes
affecting their natural colour. |
| EFFECT THREADS |
fabrics |
In a fabric, yarns
inserted to form a surface effect or enhance a pattern. |
In a fabric, yarns
inserted to form a surface effect or enhance a pattern. |
| EGG SHELL FINISHING |
processes, operations |
Creating a dappled
finish on fabric by running it through rollers |
Creating a dappled
finish on fabric by running it through rollers engraved
with minute depressions and elevations, which break up
the reflection of light. |
| EGYPTIAN COTTON |
fibers, filaments,
yarns, fabrics |
Yarn. Fine, top
quality cotton originally from the Nile region. |
1. Yarn. Fine,
top quality cotton originally from the Nile region. A
type of extra long staple cotton fibre. Average fibre
length 38-44 mm.; lustrous, natural colour; to be bleached.
2. Fabric. Made from Egyptian cotton fibres. Plain weave
soft cotton fabrics, may be plain or printed. Dyes well.
Very strong and hardwearing, but soft to touch. Used for
expensive baby clothes, blouses, summer dresses, nightwear. |
| ELASTANE |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
Generic name of
a manufactured fibre, which stretches easily and has a
high rate of recovery. |
Generic name of
a manufactured fibre, which stretches easily and has a
high rate of recovery. It is composed of synthetic linear
macromolecules having in the chain at least 85 % (by mass)
of segmented polyurethane groups, and that rapidly reverts
substantially to its unstretched length after extension
to three times that length. Elastane fibres typically
contain hard (highly inextensible) segments alternating
with soft (highly extensible) segments in the molecular
chain. All textile fibres possess some stretch, varying
from the low stretch of flax and cotton to the high stretch
of wool and nylon. Very few fibres stretch more than 50
% under any circumstances without breaking, and even then
recovery is neither complete nor instantaneous. The high
stretch and quick recovery of rubber has been integrated
with normal textile use for a long time but the lack of
durability of rubber, particularly to washing with synthetic
detergents, was always disappointing. |
| ELASTIC FABRIC |
fabrics |
A textile fabric
made from an elastomer either alone or in combination
with other textile materials. |
A textile fabric
made from an elastomer either alone or in combination
with other textile materials. At room temperature an elastic
fabric will stretch under tension and will return quickly
and forcibly to substantially its original dimensions
and shape when tension is remocved. Elastic fabrics may
be manufactured by weaving, braiding, knitting, or other
processes. |
| ELASTICITY |
general |
The property of
material to deform (usually to elongate) in proportion
to the load applied |
The property of
material to deform (usually to elongate) in proportion
to the load applied and to recover its original shape
when the load is release, i.e. the property of a material
by virtue of which it tends to recover its original size
and shape immediately after removal of the force causing
deformation. |
| ELASTODIENE FIBRE |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A manufactured
fibre composed of natural or synthetic polyisoprene |
A manufactured
fibre composed of natural or synthetic polyisoprene, or
composed of one or more dienes polymerised with or without
one or more vinyl monomers, and which, when stretched
to three times its original length and released, recovers
rapidly and substantially to its initial length. |
| ELASTOMERIC YARN |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
A yarn formed from
an elastomer. |
A yarn formed from
an elastomer. Elastomeric yarn may either be incorporated
into fabric in the bare state or wrapped with relatively
inextensible fibres. Wrapping is done by covering, core
spinning or uptwisting. Elastan and elastodiene yarns
are examples. |
| ELECTROSTATIC FLOCKING |
processes, operations |
The process of
applying flock to an adhesive-coated substrate in a high-voltage
electrostatic field. |
The process of
applying flock to an adhesive-coated substrate in a high-voltage
electrostatic field. |
| ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING |
processes, operations |
This is an experimental
textile printing technique. |
A plate with an
elecrtostatic charge is positioned behind the fabric and
a stencil to attract powdered inks into the fabric. Suitable
dyes must be in powdered form. This is an experimental
textile printing technique. |
| ELONGATED TWILL |
fabrics |
Steep twills which
run at an angle greater than 45º. |
Steep twills which
run at an angle greater than 45º. These are ordinary twills,
which are changed either by the weave or structure to
produce the more vertical or horizontal twill. Term is
sometimes used for twills with an angle less than 45º. |
| EMBOSSED SATIN |
fabrics |
Any satin-weave
fabric that has a pattern impressed upon it. |
Any satin-weave
fabric that has a pattern impressed upon it. Usually only
heavier satins are treated this way, and the embossing
is now invariably permanent. Popular wedding-gown fabric. |
| EMBOSSING |
processes, operations |
A finishing process
to produce a pattern on a fabric |
A finishing process
to produce a pattern on a fabric by passing it through
a calender in which a heated metal bowl engraved with
the pattern works against a relatively soft bowl built
up of compressed paper or cotton on a metal centre. |
| EMBROIDERY |
fabrics |
Description came
originally from an old English word meaning 'border' |
Description came
originally from an old English word meaning 'border',
and was used for early decoration on ecclesiastical robes,
which were, presumably, worked in border designs. Now
used for decorative fabrics, mostly lightweight, on which
embroidery is worked in contrasting or matching colours,
often in yarn of a different fibre from the fabric, including
metal, which may create washing and pressing problems.
The fabrics vary considerably in fibre content and weight
and also in width. Some may be washable but most are not.
Used mainly for saris and eveningwear. |
| EMERIZED FABRIC |
fabrics |
A chamois or suede
textured surface |
A chamois or suede
textured surface produced by an emery-covered roller on
Worsted, Serge, etc. |
| EMERY CLOTH |
fabrics |
A strong cotton
or linen fabric coated with fine, powdered emery. |
A strong cotton
or linen fabric coated with fine, powdered emery. Used
for abrasive purposes and polishing. |
| EMULSION SPINNING |
processes, operations |
The spinning of
synthetic polymers in dispersed form |
The spinning of
synthetic polymers in dispersed form, then heating to
bring together the dispersed (separated) particles. Generally
a matrix polymer provides support until the process is
complete. |
| EMULSION THICKENING |
chemicals, textile
auxiliaries |
A thickening made
from a suspension of white spirit in water. |
A thickening made
from a suspension of white spirit in water. |
| END |
fibers, filaments,
yarns, fabrics |
1. In weaving.
An individual warp thread. 2. In spinning, braiding. An
individual strand. 3. In fabric. A length of finished
fabric less than a customary unit (piece) in length, or
sometimes a very short length remnant of fabric. 4. In
finishing. (a) Each passage of a length of fabric through
a machine, e.g. in jig dyeing. (b) A joint between pieces
of fabric due, e.g. to damage or short lengths in weaving
or damage in bleaching, dyeing, or finishing. |
1. In weaving.
An individual warp thread. 2. In spinning, braiding. An
individual strand. 3. In fabric. A length of finished
fabric less than a customary unit (piece) in length, or
sometimes a very short length remnant of fabric. 4. In
finishing. (a) Each passage of a length of fabric through
a machine, e.g. in jig dyeing. (b) A joint between pieces
of fabric due, e.g. to damage or short lengths in weaving
or damage in bleaching, dyeing, or finishing. |
| END-USE |
general |
The final use for
which a fibre, fabric, or finish is intended. |
The final use for
which a fibre, fabric, or finish is intended. |
| ENGRAVING |
processes, operations |
In printing: 1.
The incising of lines in a metal or other surface by means
of a Graver or Burin. 2. In the textile trade this term
is still used even when the pattern rollers are produced
by etching or by pressure from the raised surface of a
'mill' in engraving machine |
In printing: 1.
The incising of lines in a metal or other surface by means
of a Graver or Burin. 2. In the textile trade this term
is still used even when the pattern rollers are produced
by etching or by pressure from the raised surface of a
'mill' in engraving machine |
| ENTANGLEMENT |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
The extent or degree
to which the filaments in a yarn are interlocked |
The extent or degree
to which the filaments in a yarn are interlocked and cannot
be readily separated. |
| ENZYMES |
chemicals, textile
auxiliaries |
These are complex
nitrogenous substances of proteinaceous type, which catalyse
various reactions of a biochemical nature. |
Enzymes, despite
their derivation from living materials, are not living
organisms themselves. These are complex nitrogenous substances
of proteinaceous type, which catalyse various reactions
of a biochemical nature. Some of these reactions take
place in living organisms, but others occur in non-living
organisms. There are different types of enzymes, e.g.
those enzymes which might be of use in detergents; viz.
proteases which break down proteins to amino acids, or
intermediate compounds, amylases which break down starches,
lipases which attack fats, and oils, etc., cellulases
which break down cellulosic materials and pectases which
hydrolyse pectins. Enzymes are relatively cost-effective,
pollution-free means of treating cellulosic fabrics for
dehairing, pill-preventing and handle modification. Many
enzyme preparations have been developed for various textile
processes, e.g. those used in the desizing process, those
used in denim 'stone wash' (biostoning) and acid patching
process to cut partially and/or completely the use of
pumice stones or ceramic pebbles, or those used in enzymatic
finishing process (biofinishing), and in surface modification
(biopolishing) of smoothening fabric surface for extra
soft handle or develop faded looks |
| ENZYMING |
processes, operations |
Treatment with
one of a series of complex organic substances that cause
chemical breakdown of the impurities in cotton cloth. |
Treatment with
one of a series of complex organic substances that cause
chemical breakdown of the impurities in cotton cloth. |
| EPITROPIC FIBRES |
fibers, filaments,
yarns |
These are fibres,
which conduct electricity and can thus be used to produce
fabrics, which never develop a high static charge. |
These are fibres,
which conduct electricity and can thus be used to produce
fabrics, which never develop a high static charge. In
an epitropic fibre very fine particles of carbon, a good
electrical conductor, are embedded in the surface of synthetic
fibres. Epitropic fibres are thus black due to the carbon,
but only very small quantities- sometimes as little as
one part in 500 - of epitropic fibre are required to conduct
away static, they are not easily seen. Nylon and polyester
are available in epitropic form. The epitropic nylon can
be used in carpets to prevent static build-up and the
modified polyester is suitable for industrial clothing
where there is a danger of explosion. |
| ÉPONGE |
fabrics |
Woollen or cotton
fabric. |
Woollen or cotton
fabric. Sometimes open-textured, and as the name implies,
spongy to feel, and is light in weight in comparison with
its thickness. Used for dresses, children's dresses, robes,
and sports shirts. |
